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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 30.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Soc Rev. 2018 Jul 30;47(15):5646–5683. doi: 10.1039/c7cs00263g

Fig. 18.

Fig. 18

Cell encapsulation and culture in microcapsules.a) Microfluidic approach used for coencapsulation of cell containing bead-in-a-bead. Images showing the growth of ESCs encapsulated in soft and stiff microgels at different time points.213 GFP marks Oct4 expression of the ESC colonies, and the dead cells exhibit red fluorescence. Reprinted with permission from ref. 213. Copyright 2015, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. b) Generation of microcapsules by using a non-planar (3D) microfluidic flow-focusing device.219 Phase contrast images of ES cells encapsulated in the pre-hatching embryo-like microcapsules after different number of days, showing proliferation of the cells to form a single aggregate. Reprinted with permission from ref. 219. Copyright 2013, The Royal Society of Chemistry. c) The process of generating microencapsulated hepatocyte spheroid using double emulsion droplet generated by two connected microfluidic devices.220 Tracking of cell organization in the composite spheroids at different co-culture ratios. Functional assessments of hepatocyte with different ratio of EPC to hepatocyte. Reprinted with permission from ref. 220. Copyright 2016, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.