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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 30.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Soc Rev. 2018 Jul 30;47(15):5646–5683. doi: 10.1039/c7cs00263g

Fig. 19.

Fig. 19

a) Spatial assembly of different cells in the 3D core–shell scaffold, including HepG2 cells confined in the core by the hydrogel shell, NIH-3T3 fibroblasts immobilized by the crosslinked alginate network in the shell, and simultaneous assembly of hepatocytes in the core and fibroblasts in the shell, forming an artificial liver in a droplet.223 Reprinted with permission from ref. 223. Copyright 2016, The Royal Society of Chemistry. b) A non-planar microfluidic device is used for encapsulating cancer cells in microcapsules, and cells cultured in the microcapsules for 10 days to form microtumors.191 The microtumors in microcapsules are assembled together with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) in collagen hydrogel by using microfluidic perfusion device. Reprinted with permission from ref.191. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society.