Table 2. Beam parameters in two operating modes of PETRA IV (with damping IDs), i.e. a high-brightness high-coherence continuous mode and a timing mode (with a 96 ns gap between bunches).

Parameter	Continuous mode	Timing mode
Bunches B	960	80
Bunch current I b (mA)	0.1	1.0
Bunch charge Q b (nC)	0.77	7.68
Horizontal emittance ∊x (pm rad)	19.8	45.9
Vertical emittance ∊y (pm rad)	2.0	4.6
Energy spread σp	1.5 × 10−3	1.6 × 10−3
Bunch length σz (mm)	3.3	3.7
Touschek lifetime τt (h)	3.9	0.5