(A) Greenland: NGRIP temperature (8). (B) Southern Black Sea: TEX86 sea temperature core M72-5 (10). (C) South Carpathians: AC stalagmite POM1 δ13C. (D) Upper Danube: Willendorf loess/paleosol profile, paleosol ages, age probability density functions (age-pdf), and stratigraphically constrained loess and gley horizons C7-2, C7-3, and C9 (22). (E) East Carpathians: TC stalagmite 1152 δ18O. (F) Eifel maar lakes, ELSA dust stack. (G) Western Massive Central: Villars Cave stalagmites δ13C (25). (H) Iberian Atlantic margin: TEX86 sea surface temperature core MD95-2042 (17). Numbers indicate Greenland stadials at the end of the respective DO cycle. A map with locations of records is available in SI Appendix, Fig. S1.