Fig. 5.

Demonstration of inferring the connections, and their strengths, of a synthetic nonoscillatory network. (A) The graph representation of a synthetic noisy random network of 60 nonoscillatory oscillators created using Eq. 2 with additive white noise (1% intensity with respect to the maximum coupling strength) over the time horizon t ∈ [0,20], where the frequencies of the oscillators ${\omega }_i$ were randomly sampled over $(-\text{π}/2,\text{π}/2)$ and the coupling strength of the functions $K_{ij}$ were randomly selected over [0,15] (each colored dot represents the coupling strength ${\alpha }_{ij}$ of the time-varying coupling $K_{ij}$). (B) The heat map of the coupling topology. (C) The accuracy of the estimated natural oscillation frequencies. (D) The accuracy of the estimated coupling strength. In this estimation, ICON accurately recovered 96.0% of connections (7,230/7,532) in this representative network.