Table 2.
Adverse drug events as surrogate markers for the pharmacodynamic monitoring of therapeutic targets
| Class | Drug | Pharmacodynamic Target | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anticancer | Adriamycin=doxorubicin | Neutrophil count 1.5/nl | (27) |
| Carboplatin | Grade 2 and 3 neutropenia 1.5–1.0/nl | (28) | |
| Cisplatin | Neutrophil count 1.5/nl | (27) | |
| Cyclophosphamide | Neutrophil count 1.5/nl | (27) | |
| Docetaxel | Grade 3–4 neutropenia <1.0/nl | (29) | |
| Doxorubicin | Neutrophil count 1.5/nl | (27) | |
| Fluorouracil (5FU) | Neutrophil count 1.5/nl | (27) | |
| Paclitaxel escalated | Grade 2–3 neutropenia 1.0–1.5/nl | (30) | |
| Anti-infective | Celgosivir | Δ platelet nadir −∆ 60/nl | (31) |
| Δ hematocrit −∆ 6% | |||
| Valganciclovir | White blood cell count <3/nl | (32) | |
| Hematology | Imatinib | White blood cell count <4.0/nl | (33) |
| Lenalidomide | Δ platelet −∆ 50% | (34) | |
| Grade 3–4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia | |||
| Trifluridine/tipiracil | Neutropenia or leukopenia or anemia or thrombocytopenia grade 3–4 | (35) | |
| Immunosuppression | Azathioprine | White blood cell count <3.0/nl | (36) |
| Neutropenia <1.0/nl | |||
| Thrombocytopenia <100/nl | |||
| Cyclophosphamide | Neutrophil count <4/nl, | (37) | |
| White blood cell count <4/nl, | (38) | ||
| Lymphopenia threshold 1.0/nl | (39) | ||
| Mycophenolate | Leukopenia <4/nl | (40) | |
| Rituximab | CD19+ B cells <10/mm3=10/µl=0.010/nl | (22) | |
| CD4+ T cells <200/µl=0.2/nl | (41–50) |
Mild myelosuppression with anemia, neutropenia, lymphocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia might indicate a sufficiently high dose of anticancer, anti-infective, or hematologic and immunosuppressive drugs.