Table 4.
Adjusted prevalence ratios for masked hypertension and sustained hypertension among those with controlled clinic BP and elevated clinic BP, respectively
| Covariate | N with Outcome/N at Riska | Unadjusted Proportion (%) | Adjusted PR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controlled clinic BP (PR for masked hypertension) | ||||
| Cohort | ||||
| CKD-JAC | 318 of 685 | 46 | 1 (reference) | |
| CRIC | 369 of 970 | 38 | 0.82 (0.72 to 0.94) | 0.003 |
| AASK | 196 of 344 | 57 | 1.21 (1.04 to 1.41) | 0.01 |
| Italian cohort | 43 of 133 | 32 | 0.73 (0.56 to 0.95) | 0.02 |
| Spanish cohort | 265 of 877 | 30 | 0.75 (0.64 to 0.88) | <0.001 |
| Age (per 10 yr) | 0.97 (0.93 to 1.01) | 0.11 | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 411 of 1273 | 32 | 1 (reference) | |
| Male | 780 of 1736 | 45 | 1.30 (1.18 to 1.42) | <0.001 |
| eGFR categories | ||||
| ≥45 | 402 of 1192 | 34 | 1 (reference) | |
| 30–45 | 372 of 935 | 40 | 1.04 (0.92 to 1.17) | 0.55 |
| <30 | 417 of 882 | 47 | 1.16 (1.03 to 1.30) | 0.02 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | 756 of 2048 | 37 | 1 (reference) | |
| Yes | 435 of 961 | 45 | 1.23 (1.12 to 1.35) | <0.001 |
| BMI (per 5 units) | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.04) | 0.90 | ||
| CVD (w/o PVD) | ||||
| No | 804 of 2130 | 38 | 1 (reference) | |
| Yes | 387 of 879 | 44 | 1.04 (0.95 to 1.15) | 0.40 |
| Hypertension meds | ||||
| 0 | 742 of 2047 | 36 | 0.97 (0.80 to 1.17) | 0.73 |
| 1–3 | 77 of 246 | 31 | 1 (reference) | |
| 4+ | 372 of 716 | 52 | 1.25 (1.14 to 1.38) | <0.001 |
| Elevated clinic BP (PR for sustained hypertension) | ||||
| Cohort | ||||
| CKD-JAC | 238 of 292 | 82 | 1 (reference) | |
| CRIC | 230 of 289 | 80 | 1.05 (0.96 to 1.14) | 0.29 |
| AASK | 203 of 221 | 92 | 1.22 (1.13 to 1.32) | <0.001 |
| Italian cohort | 174 of 295 | 59 | 0.78 (0.70 to 0.87) | <0.001 |
| Spanish cohort | 2036 of 3264 | 62 | 0.89 (0.82 to 0.96) | 0.002 |
| Age (per 10 yr) | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) | <0.001 | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1256 of 2100 | 60 | 1 (reference) | |
| Male | 1625 of 2261 | 72 | 1.15 (1.10 to 1.20) | <0.001 |
| eGFR categories | ||||
| ≥45 | 1694 of 2712 | 62 | 1 (reference) | |
| 30–45 | 625 of 931 | 67 | 1.02 (0.97 to 1.08) | 0.40 |
| <30 | 562 of 718 | 78 | 1.12 (1.06 to 1.19) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | 1726 of 2747 | 63 | 1 (reference) | |
| Yes | 1155 of 1614 | 72 | 1.14 (1.09 to 1.19) | <0.001 |
| BMI (per five units) | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) | 0.01 | ||
| CVD (w/o PVD) | ||||
| No | 2169 of 3358 | 65 | 1 (reference) | |
| Yes | 712 of 1003 | 71 | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.09) | 0.13 |
| Hypertension meds | ||||
| 0 | 1803 of 2850 | 63 | 1.02 (0.94 to 1.09) | 0.66 |
| 1–3 | 308 of 491 | 63 | 1 (reference) | |
| 4+ | 770 of 1020 | 75 | 1.10 (1.05 to 1.15) | <0.001 |
PR, prevalence ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; CKD-JAC, Chronic Kidney Disease Japan Cohort; CRIC, Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort; AASK, African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension Cohort Study; BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; w/o, without; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.
a
Only includes the complete cases included in the model.