Table 2. The physicochemical characteristics of the nano-emulsion formulations for stability, thermostability, surface tension, viscosity and pH^a).

Formulationb)	Thermostability c)	Surface Tension (mNm−1)±SE	Viscosity (Pa·s)±SE	pH±SE
N-APG1	√	31.74 (±0.43)b	88.16 (±0.27)a	3.88 (±0.21)b
N-APG2	×	33.33 (±0.41)a	69.03 (±0.61)c	3.63 (±0.53)b
N-PolyS1	√	30.62 (±0.38)c	81.86 (±0.53)b	5.11 (±0.39)a
N-PolyS2	√	31.05 (±0.52)b	65.16 (±0.42)d	4.93 (±0.32)a

^a) Stable at 25°C for 90 days. Data are shown as mean values±standard error (SE) in parentheses. Within the columns, mean values followed by the same letters (a–d) indicate that they are not significantly different at p<0.05; (n=3). ^b) N-APG₁=APG surfactant (Agnique® MBL 510H/neem oil/water, 30 : 48 : 22); N-APG₂=APG surfactant (Agnique® MBL 510H/neem oil/water, 27 : 40 : 33); N-PolyS₁=Polysorbate surfactant (Tween80/neem oil/water, 30 : 48 : 22); N-PolyS₂=Polysorbate surfactant (Tween80/neem oil/water, 27 : 40 : 33). ^c) Thermostability at 54°C for 14 days. √, stable; ×, not stable.