Table 2. Serum and retina malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p* value, all groups vs. control; p** value, treated vs. untreated) in retinas of different groups (mean±S.D.).

Groups	Serum MDA µmol/L	Retina
		MDA µmol/mg protein	GSH µg/mg protein	Catalase U/mg protein	SOD U/mg protein
Group I (n=15)
Range	24–15.6	98–196	104–546	992–2349	956–2623
Mean±S.D.	75±12	66.7±28	284±52	1249±140	1545±191
Group IIa (n=12)
Range	40–89	190–261	68.7–221.5	109.5–642	453–1342
Mean±S.E.	48±5.9	188±37	123.6±19.3	358±65	760±78
p* value	<0.01	N.S.	<0.01	<0.001	<0.001
Group IIb (n=13)
Range	33–56	149–213	121–496	706–2002	876–1987
Mean±S.E.	31±12.2	142±32	259±50	843±134	1021±1
p* value	<0.01	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Group IIc (n=13)
Range	16–73.4	136–261	69.6–213.9	456–1632	962–1316
Mean±S.E.	33±2.7	133±25	128±16.4	987±56	836±53
p** value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.05	<0.001	<0.001
Group IId (n=14)
Range	22–73.4	156–261	69.6–213.9	546–1756	624–2116
Mean±S.E.	38±6.7	121±25	128±16.4	1112±86	1233±153
p** value	<0.001	N.S.	<0.05	<0.001	<0.001