Table 1. Transient species in laser flash photolysis (LFP) of pesticide a).
| Pesticide | Medium b) | Transient c) | λmax (nm) | Lifetime d) | Quencher e) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorothalonil | n-heptane (N2) | T* | 320 | 4.5 | O2, An | 27 |
| pH 7, aq. ACN (Ar) | T* | 320 | 4 | O2, IPA | 28 | |
| 2,4,5-T | H2O (Ar) | R (cation)/e−aq | 500/720 | — | — | 29 |
| Pyrethroids f) | ACN (O2) | R (Bz) | 360–380 | >10 | — | 30 |
| Fenvalerate | ACN (–O2) | R (Bz)×2 | 340/440 | 1–3/37 | — | 31 |
| Carbaryl | H2O (–O2) | R (Np)/T*/e−aq | 340/410/725 | —/2.9/— | —/O2/O2 | 32 |
| Carbofuran | H2O (Ar) | R (Ph) | 380, 420 | 1.5 | O2 | 33 |
| Propoxur | H2O (N2) | R (Ph) | 380 | 5.0 | — | 34 |
| Thiobencarb | aq. ACN (–O2) | R (Bz) | 270, 318 | — | O2 | 35 |
| Ethiofencarb | aq. ACN (–O2) | R (Bz) | 257, 320 | 10 | O2 | 35 |
| Asulam | H2O (–O2) | T* | 320, 440 | 0.47 | O2 | 36 |
| Metobromuron | H2O (air) | C/R(x) | 300, 405/300, 460 | —/100 | IPA, O2 | 37, 38 |
| Chlorsulfuron | pH 3, aq. ACN (–O2) | T* | 300–310 | 2.7 | O2 | 39 |
| Thifensulfurong) | pH 7 (–O2) | T* | 320 | 24 | O2 | 40 |
| Cycloxydim | ACN (Ar) | R (iminyl) | 280, 350, 500 | ca. 110 | — | 41 |
| Cyanofos | H2O (Ar) | T*/e−aq | 280, 370, 500/720 | 5.9/— | O2, Aa, N2O | 42 |
| Fenthion | H2O (Ar) | T*/e−aq | 320, 540/ca.700 | 17/— | O2, N2O, An | 43 |
| Coumaphos | aq. ACN (N2) | T* | 390, 430 | 20 | O2 | 44 |
| Triadimefon | cyclohexane (Ar) | R (Ph) | 400 | — | — | 45 |
| /Triadimenol | aq. CH3OH (Ar) | R (Ph) | 310 | — | — | 46 |
| Fenarimol | CH3OH (air) | T*/NI | 315/350–450 | — | — | 47 |
| Imazaquin | pH 4 | T* | 380 | 11 | O2 | 48 |
| Metamitron | H2O (Ar) | T*×2 | <400/560 | <3/10 | O2, MV2+ | 49 |
| Thiabendazole | aq. ACN (N2) | T* | 570 | 1 | O2 | 50 |
a) Excitation wavelength at 266 nm except for coumaphos (355 nm) from a Nd:YAG laser. b) Solvent (atmosphere). ACN, acetonitrile. c) NI, not characterized; T*, excited triplet state; R, radical (Bz, benzyl; Np, naphthoxyl; Ph, phenoxy); e−aq, solvated electron; C, carbene; x, iminoquinone-O-oxide. d) in μsec. e) Aa, acrylamide; An, anthracene; IPA, isopropanol; MV2+, methyl viologen. f) Type-II having an α-cyanobenzyl moiety. g)Methyl ester.