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. 2018 Sep 12;11:5763–5775. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S171019

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© 2018 Tu et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Schematic of the use of US with mRNA-loaded microbubbles.

Notes: The mRNA-loaded microbubbles implode upon exposure to US and sonoporate the DCs. As a result, both antigen- and DC-modulating proteins are produced by the DC, which can lead to antigen presentation and T-cell activation. Reprinted from the Journal of Controlled Release, Volume 194(12), Dewitte H, Van Lint S, Heirman C, et al, The potential of antigen and TriMix sonoporation using mRNA-loaded microbubbles for ultrasound-triggered cancer immunotherapy, pages 28–36, Copyright © 2014, with permission from Elsevier.⁵⁰

Abbreviations: DC, dendritic cell; US, ultrasound.