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. 2018 Sep 12;11:5763–5775. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S171019

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© 2018 Tu et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Schematic representation of the treatment method of US exposure combined with pDNA-loaded microbubbles.

Notes: During this treatment, the pDNA-loaded bubbles are ruptured by the US irradiation and release the loading melanoma antigen-encoding pDNA in vivo. In this way, the treated mouse obtains antimelanoma immunity. Reproduced with permission from Un K, Kawakami S, Suzuki R, Maruyama K, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Suppression of melanoma growth and metastasis by DNA vaccination using an ultrasound-responsive and mannose-modified gene carrier. Mol Pharm. 2011;8(2):543–554. Copyright © 2011, American Chemical Society.⁵⁷

Abbreviations: Man, mannose; PEG₂₀₀₀, poly(ethylene glycol) 2000; NT, not treatment; SC, subcutaneous; US, ultrasound.