Table 4.

Summary of swine gastrointestinal inflammatory challenge models using soybean protein or soy isoflavones as nutritional intervention

Reference	Pig sex and weaning age	Soy/isoflavone type	Soy/isoflavone inclusion level	Disease model	Age of pig at challenge	Growth performance outcomes under disease challenge	Immune performance outcomes under disease challenge
Young et al. (2012)	Mixed sex weaned at 5–7 d of age	Soy di- and tripeptides	250 mg·kg BW−1·day−1 (starting at 5 DPI)	Dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis	11–13 d	No effects	↓ colonic inflammation ↓ gut permeability
Zhu et al. (2015)	Barrows weaned at 14 d of age	Soy isoflavone mixture	40 mg/kg	Bacterial infection mimetic (LPS-induced inflammation)	21 d	↑ ADG, ADFI	↓ plasma endotoxin concentrations ↓ incidence of diarrhea (nonsignificant trend) ↑ abundance of ZO-1 and occluding mRNA in jejunal mucosa

DPI = d post-inoculation; LPS = lipopolysaccharide.