Table 1.
Demographics
| Hip fracture | Humerus fracture | Wrist fracture | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | |||||||
| N | 37,500 | 37,500 | 45,602 | 45,602 | 106,736 | 106,736 | ||||||
| Matching variables | ||||||||||||
| Age; mean (s.d.) | 73.9 | (9.5) | 73.9 | (9.5) | 67.5 | (10.1) | 67.5 | (10.1) | 65.3 | (9.6) | 65.3 | (9.6) |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male; n (%) | 11,680 | (31.2%) | 11,680 | (31.2%) | 11,968 | (26.2%) | 11,968 | (26.2%) | 21,845 | (20.5) | 21,845 | (20.5) |
| Female; n (%) | 25,820 | (68.8%) | 25,820 | (68.8%) | 33,634 | (73.8%) | 33,634 | (73.8%) | 84,891 | (79.5) | 84,891 | (79.5) |
| Year of fracture | ||||||||||||
| 1995 to 2000; n (%) | 4,108 | (11.0) | 4,108 | (11.0) | 7,980 | (17.5) | 7,980 | (17.5) | 26,497 | (24.8) | 26,497 | (24.8) |
| 2001 to 2006; n (%) | 14,072 | (37.5) | 14,072 | (37.5) | 17,351 | (38.1) | 17,351 | (38.1) | 40,172 | (37.6) | 40,172 | (37.6) |
| 2007 to 2011; n (%) | 19,320 | (51.5) | 19,320 | (51.5) | 20,271 | (44.5) | 20,271 | (44.5) | 40,067 | (37.5) | 40,067 | (37.5) |
| Exposures | ||||||||||||
| Income, € in thousands | ||||||||||||
| 1st Quintile; mean [IQR] | 14.8 | [0;18] | 14.6 | [0;18] | 14.6 | [0;19] | 14.5 | [0;19] | 14.4 | [0;18] | 14.3 | [0;18] |
| 2nd Quintile; mean [IQR] | 20.9 | [18;23] | 20.9 | [18;23] | 21.5 | [19;24] | 21.4 | [19;23] | 21.5 | [18;24] | 21.5 | [18;24] |
| 3rd Quintile; mean [IQR] | 24.5 | [23;26] | 24.4 | [23;26] | 25.3 | [24;28] | 25.3 | [24;28] | 25.7 | [24;28] | 25.7 | [24;28] |
| 4th Quintile; mean [IQR] | 29.5 | [26;35] | 29.7 | [26;35] | 32.0 | [28;38] | 32.2 | [28;38] | 33.6 | [28;40] | 33.8 | [28;40] |
| 5th Quintile; mean [IQR] | 53.7 | [35;3,423] | 57.2 | [35;6,938] | 61.3 | [38;3,423] | 62.3 | [38;2,749] | 63.3 | [40;3,444] | 65.0 | [40;8,809] |
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Married; n (%) | 12,819 | (34.2) | 16,372 | (43.7) | 19,016 | (41.7) | 23,665 | (51.9) | 51,740 | (48.5) | 56,956 | (53.3) |
| Widowed; n (%) | 5,965 | (42.6) | 15,351 | (40.9) | 14,194 | (31.1) | 13,616 | (29.9) | 30,579 | (28.7) | 29,613 | (27.7) |
| Divorced; n (%) | 5,428 | (14.5) | 3,778 | (10.1) | 8,165 | (17.9) | 5,530 | (12.1) | 16,609 | (15.6) | 13,683 | (12.8) |
| Unmarried; n (%) | 3,288 | (8.8) | 1,999 | (5.3) | 4,227 | (9.3) | 2,791 | (6.1) | 7,808 | (7.3) | 6,484 | (6.1) |
| Urban | ||||||||||||
| Remote | 4,185 | (11.2) | 4,208 | (11.2) | 4,362 | (9.6) | 4,955 | (10.9) | 11,263 | (10.6) | 11,467 | (10.7) |
| Rural | 10,971 | (29.3) | 11,307 | (30.2) | 12,160 | (26.7) | 13,849 | (30.4) | 30,300 | (28.4) | 32,290 | (30.3) |
| Intermediate | 5,857 | (15.6) | 5,885 | (15.7) | 6,826 | (15.0) | 7,361 | (16.1) | 16,628 | (15.6) | 17,128 | (16.1) |
| Urban | 16,487 | (44.0) | 16,100 | (42.9) | 22,254 | (48.8) | 19,437 | (42.6) | 48,545 | (45.5) | 45,851 | (43.0) |
| Covariates | ||||||||||||
| Smoking (imputed) | ||||||||||||
| Non-smoker; n (%) | 30,176 | (80.5) | 33,412 | (89.1) | 39,031 | (85.6) | 41,397 | (90.8) | 95,181 | (89.2) | 97,537 | (91.4) |
| Smoker; n (%) | 7,324 | (19.5) | 4,088 | (10.9) | 6,571 | (14.4) | 4,205 | (9.2) | 11,555 | (10.8) | 9,199 | (8.6) |
| Alcohol (imputed) | ||||||||||||
| Non-drinker; n (%) | 33,794 | (90.1) | 36,653 | (97.7) | 39,137 | (85.8) | 44,316 | (97.2) | 98,583 | (92.4) | 103,691 | (97.1) |
| Drinker; n (%) | 3,706 | (9.9) | 847 | (2.3) | 6,465 | (14.2) | 1,286 | (2.8) | 8,153 | (7.6) | 3,045 | (2.9) |
| Charlson comorbidity index | ||||||||||||
| None; n (%) | 9,040 | (24.1) | 15,669 | (41.8) | 17,355 | (38.1) | 23,181 | (50.8) | 52,707 | (49.4) | 56,811 | (53.2) |
| Mild; n (%) | 7,854 | (20.9) | 6,945 | (18.5) | 8,641 | (19.0) | 7,536 | (16.5) | 18,323 | (17.2) | 17,212 | (16.1) |
| Moderate; n (%) | 7,068 | (18.9) | 6,315 | (16.8) | 7,419 | (16.3) | 6,690 | (14.7) | 15,866 | (14.9) | 15,125 | (14.2) |
| Severe; n (%) | 13,538 | (36.1) | 8,571 | (22.9) | 12,187 | (26.7) | 8,195 | (18.0) | 19,840 | (18.6) | 17,588 | (16.5) |
| Previous OP medication | 3,187 | (8.5) | 1,514 | (4.0) | 89 | (0.2) | 40 | (0.1) | 114 | (0.1) | 65 | (0.1) |
OP=osteoporosis