Table 1. Mutational signatures and cancer types associated with tobacco smoking.
Information about the age adjusted odds ratios for current male smokers to develop cancer is taken from refs. (2–4). Odds ratios for small cell lung cancer, lung squamous and lung adenocarcinoma are for an average daily dose of more than 30 cigarettes. Odds ratios for cervix and ovary are for current female smokers. Detailed information about all mutation types, all mutational signatures and DNA methylation is provided in Table S2. Nomenclature for signature IDs is consistent with the COSMIC website, http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic/signatures. The patterns of all mutational signatures with elevated mutation burden in smokers are displayed in Fig. 2B. N/A denotes lack of smoking annotation for a given cancer type. * denotes that a signature correlates with pack years smoked in a cancer type.
| Cancer Type | Odds ratios | Non-smokers | Smokers | Total number of mutational signatures found in the cancer type | Signature 4 found in cancer type | Mutational signatures with elevated mutation burden in smokers compared to non-smokers (q-value<0.05) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Cancer Types | 1,062 | 2,490 | 26 | Y | 4, 5* | |
| Small Cell Lung Cancer | 111.3 | 3 | 145 | 6 | Y | |
| Lung Squamous | 103.5 | 7 | 168 | 8 | Y | 4*, 5 |
| Lung Adenocarcinoma | 21.9 | 120 | 558 | 7 | Y | 2*, 4*, 5*, 13* |
| Larynx | 13.2 | 6 | 117 | 5 | Y | 4*, 5 |
| Pharynx | 6.6 | 27 | 49 | 5 | Y | 5* |
| Oral Cavity | 4.2 | 98 | 265 | 5 | Y | 5* |
| Esophagus Squamous | 3.9 | 99 | 193 | 9 | Y | 5 |
| Esophagus Adenocarcinoma | 3.9 | 67 | 175 | 9 | Y | |
| Bladder | 3.8 | 111 | 288 | 5 | N | 5* |
| Liver | 2.9 | 157 | 235 | 19 | Y | 4*, 5, 16 |
| Stomach | 2.1 | 472 | 13 | N | N/A | |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | 2.0 | 202 | 2 | N | N/A | |
| Ovary | 1.9 | 458 | 3 | N | N/A | |
| Cervix | 1.8 | 94 | 74 | 8 | N | |
| Kidney | 1.7 | 154 | 103 | 6 | N | 5 |
| Pancreas | 1.6 | 119 | 120 | 11 | N | |
| Colorectal | 1.3 | 559 | 4 | N | N/A | |