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. 2018 Sep 3;9(1):1422–1425. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1509669

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© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — (a) CpG dinucleotides are depleted in C.difficile: Graph illustrating mean ± SD (the continuous black line indicates the mean and the broken black lines indicate standard deviation) of dinucleotide O/E ratio for C.difficile (both hypervirulent and non hypervirulent) (1 ± 0.213). All dinucleotides except the CpG dinucleotides (red) lie within the confidence interval of (0.787–1.213). (b) CpG dinucleotides are the most variable dinucleotides between hypervirulent and non-hypervirulent C.difficile strains: The difference in dinucleotide O/E ratios between hypervirulent (HV) and non-hypervirulent (NHV) C.difficile strains in percentage is shown in the Y-axis (A positive value for a given dinucleotide implies higher O/E ratios for the hypervirulent strains as compared to the non-hypervirulent strains). The complete genome sequences were analyzed. The differences between the hypervirulent and the non-hypervirulent strains were less than 1% except for the CpG dinucleotide for which the difference is about 9% (red bar). (c) Hypervirulent C.difficile strains are more CpG depleted than the non-hypervirulent strains: Box-plot diagram showing the CpG (O/E) in the whole genome sequence in non-hypervirulent and hypervirulent strains of C.difficile. The relative abundance of CpG dinucleotides was significantly higher in non-hypervirulent strains (Median = 0.341) as compared to the hypervirulent strains (Median = 0.298) [p < 0.05].