RNA was extracted from nasopharyngeal swabs and was subjected to cDNA synthesis, followed by qPCR using EV-D68–, RV-, and IL-17–specific primers. The relative expression of IL-17 in RV-A– and EV-D68–infected patients, normalized to GAPDH, is shown. *P < 0.05 by unpaired t test, compared with RV-A.