Table 3.
Results of models predicting mortality risk from childhood abuse, social support, and their interactions.
| Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Severe Physical Abuse | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Age | 2.45 (1.95, 3.08) | < 0.001 | 2.47 (1.96, 3.10) | < 0.001 | 2.47 (1.96, 3.11) | < 0.001 |
| Age × Time | 1.15 (1.04, 1.27) | 0.006 | 1.15 (1.04, 1.27) | 0.005 | 1.15 (1.04, 1.27) | 0.005 |
| Female | 0.81 (0.71, 0.93) | 0.002 | 0.82 (0.72, 0.94) | 0.004 | 0.82 (0.72, 0.94) | 0.004 |
| African American | 1.70 (1.31, 2.22) | < 0.001 | 1.69 (1.30, 2.20) | < 0.001 | 1.71 (1.32, 2.23) | < 0.001 |
| Other | 0.93 (0.62, 1.37) | 0.701 | 0.91 (0.61, 1.35) | 0.628 | 0.90 (0.60, 1.33) | 0.589 |
| Education | 0.85 (0.80, 0.91) | < 0.001 | 0.85 (0.80, 0.91) | < 0.001 | 0.85 (0.80, 0.91) | < 0.001 |
| Heart disease | 1.90 (1.65, 2.18) | < 0.001 | 1.90 (1.65, 2.18) | < 0.001 | 1.90 (1.66, 2.18) | < 0.001 |
| Cancer | 2.88 (1.83, 4.54) | < 0.001 | 2.92 (1.85, 4.59) | < 0.001 | 2.95 (1.87, 4.64) | < 0.001 |
| Cancer × Time | 0.68 (0.55, 0.83) | < 0.001 | 0.68 (0.55, 0.84) | < 0.001 | 0.68 (0.55, 0.83) | < 0.001 |
| Depression | 1.25 (1.02, 1.52) | 0.028 | 1.19 (0.97, 1.45) | 0.091 | 1.18 (0.97, 1.45) | 0.100 |
| Smoking | 1.74 (1.52, 2.00) | < 0.001 | 1.75 (1.52, 2.00) | < 0.001 | 1.75 (1.52, 2.00) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol use | 1.07 (0.93, 1.22) | 0.352 | 1.03 (0.90, 1.18) | 0.622 | 1.04 (0.91, 1.17) | 0.591 |
| Severe physical abuse | 1.16 (0.96, 1.39) | 0.117 | 1.11 (0.92, 1.34) | 0.262 | 1.02 (0.83, 1.24) | 0.885 |
| Social support | 0.88 (0.83, 0.94) | < 0.001 | 0.92 (0.86, 0.98) | 0.012 | ||
| Severe physical abuse × Social support | 0.81 (0.70, 0.94) | 0.005 | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Moderate Physical Abuse | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Age | 2.39 (1.91, 3.00) | < 0.001 | 2.41 (1.92, 3.02) | < 0.001 | 2.41 (1.92, 3.02) | < 0.001 |
| Age × Time | 1.16 (1.05, 1.28) | 0.003 | 1.16 (1.05, 1.28) | 0.002 | 1.16 (1.05, 1.28) | 0.002 |
| Female | 0.81 (0.71, 0.92) | 0.001 | 0.81 (0.71, 0.93) | 0.002 | 0.81 (0.71, 0.93) | 0.002 |
| African American | 1.69 (1.29, 2.20) | < 0.001 | 1.68 (1.29, 2.18) | < 0.001 | 1.69 (1.29, 2.20) | < 0.001 |
| Other | 0.97 (0.66, 1.44) | 0.891 | 0.95 (0.64, 1.40) | 0.782 | 0.94 (0.63, 1.39) | 0.746 |
| Education | 0.85 (0.80, 0.90) | < 0.001 | 0.85 (0.80, 0.90) | < 0.001 | 0.85 (0.80, 0.90) | < 0.001 |
| Heart disease | 1.89 (1.65, 2.17) | < 0.001 | 1.89 (1.64, 2.17) | < 0.001 | 1.89 (1.65, 2.17) | < 0.001 |
| Cancer | 2.86 (1.82, 4.50) | < 0.001 | 2.91 (1.85, 4.57) | < 0.001 | 2.93 (1.87, 4.61) | < 0.001 |
| Cancer × Time | 0.68 (0.56, 0.84) | < 0.001 | 0.68 (0.56, 0.84) | < 0.001 | 0.68 (0.56, 0.83) | < 0.001 |
| Depression | 1.25 (1.02, 1.52) | 0.031 | 1.18 (0.97, 1.45) | 0.102 | 1.18 (0.97, 1.45) | 0.100 |
| Smoking | 1.74 (1.51, 1.99) | < 0.001 | 1.74 (1.52, 2.00) | < 0.001 | 1.74 (1.51, 1.99) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol use | 1.06 (0.93, 1.22) | 0.367 | 1.03 (0.90, 1.18) | 0.647 | 1.04 (0.91, 1.19) | 0.587 |
| Moderate physical abuse | 0.99 (0.86, 1.15) | 0.943 | 0.97 (0.85, 1.12) | 0.727 | 0.95 (0.83, 1.04) | 0.528 |
| Social support | 0.88 (0.83, 0.94) | < 0.001 | 0.92 (0.85, 0.99) | 0.025 | ||
| Moderate physical abuse × Social support | 0.88 (0.78, 1.00) | 0.045 | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Emotional Abuse | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Age | 2.38 (1.90, 2.98) | < 0.001 | 2.39 (1.91, 3.00) | < 0.001 | 2.40 (1.91, 3.00) | < 0.001 |
| Age × Time | 1.16 (1.05, 1.27) | 0.003 | 1.16 (1.05, 1.28) | 0.003 | 1.16 (1.05, 1.28) | 0.003 |
| Female | 0.81 (0.71, 0.92) | 0.002 | 0.82 (0.72, 0.93) | 0.003 | 0.82 (0.72, 0.94) | 0.004 |
| African American | 1.74 (1.34, 2.26) | < 0.001 | 1.74 (1.34, 2.26) | < 0.001 | 1.75 (1.34, 2.27) | < 0.001 |
| Other | 0.95 (0.64, 1.42) | 0.803 | 0.92 (0.62, 1.37) | 0.690 | 0.92 (0.62, 1.37) | 0.680 |
| Education | 0.84 (0.79, 0.90) | < 0.001 | 0.84 (0.79, 0.90) | < 0.001 | 0.84 (0.79, 0.90) | < 0.001 |
| Heart disease | 1.90 (1.65, 2.18) | < 0.001 | 1.90 (1.65, 2.18) | < 0.001 | 1.90 (1.65, 2.18) | < 0.001 |
| Cancer | 2.91 (1.85, 4.56) | < 0.001 | 2.95 (1.88, 4.62) | < 0.001 | 2.94 (1.88, 4.61) | < 0.001 |
| Cancer × Time | 0.68 (0.56, 0.84) | < 0.001 | 0.68 (0.56, 0.84) | < 0.001 | 0.68 (0.56, 0.84) | < 0.001 |
| Depression | 1.27 (1.04, 1.54) | 0.019 | 1.20 (0.98, 1.47) | 0.070 | 1.19 (0.98, 1.46) | 0.084 |
| Smoking | 1.73 (1.51, 1.98) | < 0.001 | 1.73 (1.51, 1.99) | < 0.001 | 1.74 (1.51, 1.99) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol use | 1.06 (0.92, 1.21) | 0.418 | 1.02 (0.89, 1.17) | 0.734 | 1.03 (0.90, 1.18) | 0.641 |
| Emotional abuse | 0.97 (0.85, 1.12) | 0.710 | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) | 0.470 | 2.26 (0.96, 5.33) | 0.340 |
| Social support | 0.88 (0.83, 0.93) | < 0.001 | 0.92 (0.85, 0.99) | 0.027 | ||
| Emotional abuse × Social support | 0.89 (0.79, 1.00) | 0.046 | ||||
Note. Gender was coded as 0 = male and 1 = female. Race was dummy-coded with European-Americans as the reference group.