Table 1. Antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolated organisms from air samples, environmental swabs, in addition to clinical isolates.
Antimicrobial | Escherichia spp. | Klebsiella spp. | Enterobacter spp. | Citrobacter spp. | Other E* | Pseudomonas spp. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of isolates | 91 | 90 | 16 | 18 | 11 | 21 | |
Resistance % | |||||||
Ceftazidime | N | 40 | 36 | 7 | 6 | 7 | NT |
% | 44 | 40 | 43.8 | 33.3 | 64 | ||
Ciprofloxacin | N | 18 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
% | 19.8 | 14.4 | 6.3 | 0 | 27.3 | 0 | |
Chloramphenicol | N | 43 | 37 | 4 | 6 | 5 | NT |
% | 47.3 | 41.1 | 25 | 33.3 | 45.5 | ||
Piperacillin | N | 91 | 90 | 15 | 18 | 10 | 21 |
% | 100 | 100 | 93.8 | 100 | 91 | 100 | |
Tetracycline | N | 61 | 56 | 9 | 9 | 6 | NT |
% | 67 | 62.2 | 56.3 | 50 | 54.5 | ||
Ampicillin | N | 91 | 90 | 16 | 18 | 11 | NT |
% | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||
Amoxicillin | N | 91 | 90 | 16 | 18 | 11 | NT |
% | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole | N | 84 | 81 | 14 | 13 | 8 | NT |
% | 92.3 | 90 | 87.5 | 72.2 | 72.7 | ||
Aztreonam | N | 91 | 90 | 16 | 18 | 11 | 21 |
% | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | |
Cefuroxime | N | 85 | 89 | 16 | 18 | 11 | NT |
% | 93.4 | 98.9 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||
Gentamicin | N | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
% | 0 | 2.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Amikacin | N | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
% | 1.1 | 2.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Ceftriaxone | N | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | 10 |
% | 47.6 | ||||||
Imipenem | N | 7 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
% | 7.7 | 7.8 | 0 | 22.2 | 18.1 | 0 | |
Ertapenem | N | 1 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | NT |
% | 1.1 | 5.6 | 0 | 5.6 | 1.1 | ||
Meropenem | N | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
% | 1.09 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
MAR index and MDR % | |||||||
MAR index | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.2 | |
MDR % | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 47.6% |
E* – Enterobacteriaceae, MAR – multiple antibiotic resistance; MDR – multidrug resistant; NT – not tested.