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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 17.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Cell Res. 2011 Aug 11;317(19):2780–2788. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.07.020

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Feedback mechanisms regulating adult midgut homeostasis and regeneration in Drosophila. Mature midgut cell loss (such as EC losses caused by pathogenic infection) trigger the activation of the JNK pathway and inactivation of the Hpo pathway in the ECs, both of which are able to induce the expression of mitogenic cytokines (Upds) and growth factors (fly EGFs) in the damaged midgut. Upd cytokines and fly EGFs (spi, krn, vn) activate the Jak/Stat and EGFR/Ras/MapK pathways respectively in the progenitor cells, where these stimuli function synergistically to promote ISC division. In addition, the Jak/Stat signaling also promotes EB differentiation. Thus, in response to damage, the ISCs rapidly generate new midgut cells to maintain epithelial homeostasis.