Table 1.
Prevalence of predisposing, enabling and need factors of primary care patients with alcohol use disorders and stratified by receipt of any evidence-based treatment and treatment type.
| All |
Received any evidence-based practice |
No evidence-based practice |
P-value | Received brief therapy |
No brief therapy |
P-value | Received XR-NTX |
No XR-NTX |
P-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor | N/Mean | %/SD | N/Mean | %/SD | N/Mean | %/SD | N/Mean | %/SD | N/Mean | %/SD | N/Mean | %/SD | N/Mean | %/SD | |||
| Predisposing | |||||||||||||||||
| Age | 43.0 | 11.8 | 45.0 | 11.3 | 42.0 | 12.0 | 0.046 | 44.8 | 11.21 | 42.3 | 12.02 | 0.105 | 48.0 | 11.59 | 42.2 | 11.71 | 0.005 |
| Male | 219 | 75.5 | 62 | 66.7 | 157 | 79.7 | 0.016 | 54 | 65.9 | 165 | 79.3 | 0.016 | 22 | 59.5 | 197 | 77.9 | 0.015 |
| White | 118 | 40.7 | 45 | 48.4 | 73 | 37.1 | 0.067 | 40 | 48.8 | 78 | 37.5 | 0.078 | 23 | 62.2 | 95 | 37.5 | 0.004 |
| Hispanic | 98 | 33.8 | 31 | 33.3 | 67 | 34.0 | 0.909 | 28 | 34.1 | 70 | 33.7 | 0.936 | 10 | 27.0 | 88 | 34.8 | 0.352 |
| Married/living w partner | 55 | 19.0 | 22 | 23.7 | 33 | 16.8 | 0.162 | 18 | 22.0 | 37 | 17.8 | 0.415 | 10 | 27.0 | 45 | 17.8 | 0.181 |
| High school education or more | 123 | 42.4 | 48 | 51.6 | 75 | 38.1 | 0.029 | 42 | 51.2 | 81 | 38.9 | 0.057 | 23 | 62.2 | 100 | 39.5 | 0.009 |
| Enabling/inhibiting resources | |||||||||||||||||
| Income over $20,000 per year | 70 | 24.3 | 30 | 32.6 | 40 | 20.4 | 0.024 | 25 | 30.9 | 45 | 21.7 | 0.105 | 13 | 35.1 | 57 | 22.7 | 0.100 |
| Homeless | 136 | 46.9 | 25 | 26.9 | 111 | 56.3 | <0.001 | 24 | 29.3 | 112 | 53.8 | <0.001 | 10 | 27.0 | 126 | 49.8 | 0.010 |
| Working full or part-time | 83 | 28.6 | 32 | 34.4 | 51 | 25.9 | 0.134 | 27 | 32.9 | 56 | 26.9 | 0.308 | 14 | 37.8 | 69 | 27.3 | 0.184 |
| Ever talked to professional about alcohol use | 151 | 52.2 | 61 | 65.6 | 90 | 45.9 | 0.002 | 54 | 65.9 | 97 | 46.9 | 0.004 | 25 | 67.6 | 126 | 50.0 | 0.046 |
| Received treatment for alcohol in past 12 months | 32 | 11.1 | 15 | 16.1 | 17 | 8.7 | 0.059 | 12 | 14.6 | 20 | 9.7 | 0.225 | 6 | 16.2 | 26 | 10.3 | 0.286 |
| PHQ8 scale for depression | 10.9 | 6.5 | 12.1 | 6.9 | 10.3 | 6.2 | 0.028 | 12.2 | 6.83 | 10.4 | 6.26 | 0.032 | 11.4 | 7.31 | 10.8 | 6.34 | 0.623 |
| Need | |||||||||||||||||
| Co-occurring diagnosis of opioid use disorder in remission | 72 | 24.8 | 25 | 26.9 | 47 | 23.9 | 0.578 | 22 | 26.8 | 50 | 24.0 | 0.620 | 12 | 32.4 | 60 | 23.7 | 0.252 |
| ER visit or overnight hospital stay in past 90 days | 103 | 35.5 | 33 | 35.5 | 70 | 35.5 | 0.993 | 29 | 35.4 | 74 | 35.6 | 0.973 | 13 | 35.1 | 90 | 35.6 | 0.959 |
| Negative consequences from substance use | 8.5 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 4.6 | 7.7 | 5.0 | <0.001 | 9.7 | 4.79 | 8.0 | 5.04 | 0.006 | 10.6 | 4.17 | 8.2 | 5.08 | 0.006 |
| Received XR-NTX | 37 | 12.8 | - | - | - | - | - | 26 | 31.7 | 11 | 5.3 | <0.001 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Received brief therapy | 82 | 28.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 26 | 70.3 | 56 | 22.1 | <0.001 |
Note: XR-NTX = Injectable Extended-Release Naltrexone; SD = standard deviation; PHQ8 = eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale; ER = emergency room.