Table 2.
Performance of SAP-guided resuscitation with fluid and with combination of fluid and norepinephrine
| Resuscitation | Fluid | Fluid and norepinephrine | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups | M-F | CL-PI | CL-FL | p value* | M-FNE | CL-FNE | p value** |
| Rising time (s) | 226 (173–412) | 252 (224–504) | 529 (192–1141) | 0.466 | 434 (254–1081) | 160 (106–187) | < 0.001 |
| Time in target area (%) | 76.8 (67.9–78.2) | 80.9 (59.1–85.3) | 64.6 (45.7–72.9) | 0.160 | 60.1 (46.1–72.4) | 74.4 (58.4–84.5) | 0.199 |
| Time SBP < 80 mmHg (%) | 21.3 (16.8–23.7) | 18.6 (13.9–33.6) | 29.8 (17.7–35.2) | 0.481 | 34.5 (13.1–43.5) | 12.4 (6.4–22.8) | 0.139 |
| Time SBP > 90 mmHg (%) | 1.3 (0–8.7) | 0 (0–2.5) | 3.1 (0.1–28.1) | 0.155 | 3.3 (0.5–18.3) | 4.9 (3.3–17.7) | 0.436 |
| MDPE | − 2.6 (− 3.5 to − 1.7) | − 3.5 (− 5.3 to − 0.6) | − 3.5 (− 4.7 to − 2.1) | 0.729 | − 2.8 (− 4.9 to − 1.9) | − 3.5 (− 3.5 to 0.6) | 0.587 |
| MDAPE | 3.6 (3.1–4.6) | 3.5 (2.9–5.3) | 4.7 (4.4–7.4) | 0.071 | 4.5 (3.4–6.3) | 3.5 (2.9–5.9) | 0.587 |
| Wobble | 2.9 (2–3.7) | 2.4 (1.8–3.5) | 2.9 (2.4–7.1) | 0.227 | 3.3 (2.9–4.2) | 2.4 (1.8–4.1) | 0.264 |
| Global score | 8 (6.8–12.4) | 8.3 (5.5–16) | 13.4 (9.4–31.9) | 0.123 | 13 (9–23.1) | 7 (5.7–17.5) | 0.277 |
| Interventions or adjustments (n) | 29.5 (24.5–38) | 1159 (792.5–1382)† | 37.8 (19–52) | < 0.001 | 20 (16–31.5) | 55 (30–112) | 0.002 |
Data are presented as median [interquartile range (lower quartile to upper quartile)]
M-F manual fluid, CL-PI closed-loop using a PI algorithm, CL-FL closed-loop using a FL algorithm, M-FNE manual fluid and norepinephrine, CL-FNE closed-loop administration of fluid and norepinephrine, SBP systolic arterial pressure, MDPE median performance error, MDAPE median absolute value of performance error
*p value is for Kruskal–Wallis test; **p value is for Mann–Whitney test; †p < 0.0001 in Dunn’s multiple comparisons versus M-F