Table 2.
Unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CI) for the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus.
| Fasting plasma glucose | Model 1 (Unadjusted) | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Total participants (n = 186,749) | ||||||||||
| <70 mg/dL | 1.65 (0.96–2.81) | 0.069 | 1.74 (1.02–2.98) | 0.044 | 1.72 (1.00–2.94) | 0.048 | 1.73 (1.01–2.96) | 0.046 | 1.80 (1.05–3.09) | 0.032 |
| 70–79 mg/dL | 0.84 (0.67–1.04) | 0.113 | 0.91 (0.73–1.14) | 0.422 | 0.91 (0.73–1.13) | 0.394 | 0.92 (0.74–1.15) | 0.474 | 0.90 (0.71–1.13) | 0.354 |
| 80–84 mg/dL | 0.74 (0.62–0.87) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.65–0.91) | 0.003 | 0.77 (0.65–0.91) | 0.002 | 0.78 (0.65–0.92) | 0.003 | 0.78 (0.71–1.13) | 0.006 |
| 85–89 mg/dL | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||||
| 90–94 mg/dL | 1.31 (1.16–1.48) | <0.001 | 1.25 (1.11–1.41) | <0.001 | 1.25 (1.11–1.41) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.10–1.39) | <0.001 | 1.27 (1.12–1.43) | <0.001 |
| 95–99 mg/dL | 2.30 (2.06–2.57) | <0.001 | 2.10 (1.88–2.35) | <0.001 | 2.10 (1.88–2.35) | <0.001 | 2.06 (1.83–2.31) | <0.001 | 2.11 (1.88–2.37) | <0.001 |
| 100–109 mg/dL | 5.51 (4.97–6.10) | <0.001 | 4.78 (4.32–5.30) | <0.001 | 4.79 (4.32–5.31) | <0.001 | 4.64 (4.18–5.14) | <0.001 | 4.80 (4.31–5.34) | <0.001 |
| 110–125 mg/dL | 22.9 (20.7–25.4) | <0.001 | 19.2 (17.3–21.3) | <0.001 | 19.2 (17.3–21.3) | <0.001 | 18.4 (16.6–20.4) | <0.001 | 19.3 (17.3–21.4) | <0.001 |
| Without cardiovascular disease (n = 171,408) | ||||||||||
| <70 mg/dL | 1.79 (1.02–3.12) | 0.041 | 1.89 (1.08–3.31) | 0.026 | 1.87 (1.07–3.27) | 0.028 | 1.88 (1.08–3.29) | 0.027 | 1.96 (1.12–3.43) | 0.019 |
| 70–79 mg/dL | 0.81 (0.64–1.03) | 0.090 | 0.89 (0.69–1.13) | 0.326 | 0.88 (0.69–1.12) | 0.301 | 0.89 (0.70–1.14) | 0.359 | 0.85 (0.66–1.10) | 0.213 |
| 80–84 mg/dL | 0.73 (0.61–0.88) | 0.001 | 0.77 (0.64–0.92) | 0.005 | 0.77 (0.64–0.92) | 0.005 | 0.77 (0.64–0.93) | 0.006 | 0.78 (0.65–0.94) | 0.010 |
| 85–89 mg/dL | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||||
| 90–94 mg/dL | 1.36 (1.19–1.54) | <0.001 | 1.29 (1.14–1.47) | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.14–1.47) | <0.001 | 1.29 (1.13–1.46) | <0.001 | 1.31 (1.15–1.50) | <0.001 |
| 95–99 mg/dL | 2.35 (2.08–2.66) | <0.001 | 2.15 (1.91–2.43) | <0.001 | 2.16 (1.91–2.43) | <0.001 | 2.12 (1.87–2.39) | <0.001 | 2.16 (1.91–2.45) | <0.001 |
| 100–109 mg/dL | 5.73 (5.14–6.40) | <0.001 | 5.01 (4.48–5.59) | <0.001 | 5.01 (4.49–5.60) | <0.001 | 4.86 (4.35–5.43) | <0.001 | 5.01 (4.47–5.62) | <0.001 |
| 110–125 mg/dL | 24.4 (21.9–27.2) | <0.001 | 20.6 (18.5–23.0) | <0.001 | 20.6 (18.5–23.0) | <0.001 | 19.8 (17.7–22.0) | <0.001 | 20.7 (18.4–23.1) | <0.001 |
| With cardiovascular disease (n = 15,341) | ||||||||||
| <70 mg/dL | 0.81 (0.11–5.93) | 0.834 | 0.84 (0.11–6.14) | 0.860 | 0.82 (0.11–6.03) | 0.845 | 0.82 (0.11–6.08) | 0.850 | 0.86 (0.12–6.38) | 0.887 |
| 70–79 mg/dL | 1.01 (0.58–1.75) | 0.971 | 1.08 (0.62–1.88) | 0.783 | 1.07 (0.62–1.86) | 0.803 | 1.10 (0.63–1.92) | 0.732 | 1.17 (0.67–2.05) | 0.578 |
| 80–84 mg/dL | 0.74 (0.47–1.15) | 0.181 | 0.78 (0.50–1.21) | 0.264 | 0.77 (0.49–1.21) | 0.255 | 0.78 (0.50–1.21) | 0.268 | 0.79 (0.50–1.26) | 0.321 |
| 85–89 mg/dL | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||||
| 90–94 mg/dL | 1.04 (0.75–1.45) | 0.807 | 0.99 (0.71–1.38) | 0.963 | 0.99 (0.71–1.38) | 0.947 | 0.97 (0.70–1.35) | 0.860 | 1.03 (0.73–1.45) | 0.870 |
| 95–99 mg/dL | 1.98 (1.46–2.68) | <0.001 | 1.83 (1.35–2.48) | <0.001 | 1.83 (1.35–2.48) | <0.001 | 1.80 (1.33–2.44) | <0.001 | 1.88 (1.37–2.59) | <0.001 |
| 100–109 mg/dL | 4.05 (3.08–5.34) | <0.001 | 3.58 (2.72–4.73) | <0.001 | 3.59 (2.72–4.73) | <0.001 | 3.45 (2.62–4.56) | <0.001 | 3.63 (2.72–4.85) | <0.001 |
| 110–125 mg/dL | 13.8 (10.5–18.2) | <0.001 | 11.7 (8.85–15.5) | <0.001 | 11.7 (68.8–15.4) | <0.001 | 11.2 (8.47–14.8) | <0.001 | 11.8 (8.80–15.8) | <0.001 |
Model 2 (sex, age, BMI), Model 3 (sex, age, BMI, current smoking), Model 4 (sex, age, BMI, current smoking, hypertension, dyslipidaemia), and Model 5 (sex, age, BMI, current smoking, drinking habit, hypertension, dyslipidaemia). For Model 1 and Model 5 in subjects with or without cardiovascular disease, see also Fig. 1.