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. 2018 Sep 17;8:13918. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32235-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Conceptual demonstration of sub-wavelength localization using deconvolution on synthetic data. (a) PSF of the imaging system. FWHM is assumed as 150 µm. (b) The locations of the two neighboring targets (Ground truth). Two targets are positioned 70 µm apart. (c) The synthetic signal received from two targets is shown in (b) using the imaging system with PSF shown in (a). This signal is modeled as a received signal in the imaging system whose has PSF shown in (a). Two targets cannot be separated in the image due to their distance is shorter than the spatial resolution of the imaging system. (d) Deconvolution results of received signal shown in (c) using the system PSF shown in (a). Two targets are distinctly identified. (e) The synthetic signal received from two targets when noise is added is shown in (b) using the same imaging system. (f) Deconvolution results of (e), where two targets are clearly identified with minimal interference due to noise.