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. 2018 Sep 17;8:13928. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32303-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Inhibitory effects of NNFE on mushroom tyrosinase activity. (A) Different concentrations of NNFE or arbutin were incubated with mushroom tyrosinase. After incubation, the amount of dopachrome produced was determined spectrophotometrically at 490 nm. (B) Effects of NNFE on the monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase. Enzyme activity was tested in the presence of L-tyrosine and L-DOPA, as a substrate for monophenolase and diphenolase activities, respectively. (c) Effects of NNFE on the monophenolase activity of tyrosinase. Enzyme activity was tested in the presence of L-tyrosine, as a substrate Results are presented as the means ± SDs of three experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, versus the non-treated controls, Student’s t-test. Arb, arbutin; NNFE, ethyl acetate fraction of N. nouchali flower extract.