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. 2018 Aug;7(3):210–217. doi: 10.15420/aer.2018.33.2

Table 3: Extraction Procedure-related Complications[1].

Complications Incidence (%)
Major 0.19–1.80
Death 0.19–1.20
Cardiac avulsion 0.19–0.96
Vascular laceration 0.19–0.96
Respiratory arrest 0.20
Pericardial effusion requiring intervention 0.23–0.59
Haemothorax requiring intervention 0.07–0.20
Massive pulmonary embolism 0.08
Minor 0.60–6.20
Haematoma requiring evacuation 0.90–1.60
Pneumothorax requiring chest tube 1.10
Bleeding requiring blood transfusion 0.08–1.00
Worsening tricuspid valve function 0.32–0.59
Pulmonary embolism 0.24–0.59
Venous thrombosis requiring medical intervention 0.10–0.21
Migrated lead fragment without sequelae 0.20
Pericardial effusion without intervention 0.07–0.16

Source: Kusumoto et al, 2017.[1] With permission from Elsevier