Table I.

List of genes found hypermethylated in saliva samples, their reported function and the tumor type where modifications were present.

Gene	Gene product	Function	Tumor site (OSCC/OPSCC)	(Refs.)
CCNA1	Cyclin A1	Cell cycle regulation	OSCC and OPSCC	(62,99)
DAPK1	Death-associated protein kinase 1	Apoptosis and autophagy	OSCC and OPSCC	(62,63,99)
DCC	Deleted in colorectal carcinoma	Netrin 1 receptor	OSCC	(62,100)
EDNRB	Endothelin receptor type B	G protein-coupled receptor	OSCC	(62,100)
ERCC1	Excision repair cross-complementation group 1	Repair of DNA damage induced by ultraviolet light or cisplatin	OSCC and OPSCC	(62,101)
HOXA9	Homeobox protein Hox-A9	Gene expression, morphogenesis and differentiation	OSCC	(62,101)
KIF1A	Kinesin family member 1A	Membranous organelle transportation along axonal microtubules	OSCC	(62,102,103)
MED15	Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 15	Transcriptional coactivator in RNA polymerase II transcription	OSCC	(62,104)
MINT31	Spen family transcriptional repressor family transcriptional repressor	Calcium channel regulator	OSCC	(62,99,105)
NID2	Nidogen-2	Cell adhesion	OSCC	(62,102)
PAXI	Paxillin	Cytoskeletal protein involved in actin-membrane attachment at sites of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix	OSCC	(62,106)
p16INK2A	p16 (also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A)	Tumor suppressor gene	OSCC	(62,63,99)
RASSF1α	Ras association domain family member 1 α	Growth inhibition along the RAS-activated signaling pathway	OSCC	(62,63)
TIMP3	Metalloproteinase inhibitor 3	Inhibitor of the matrix metalloproteinases	OSCC and OPSCC	(62,99,105,107)

OSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma; OPSCC, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.