Table 3.

Effect Sizes for Each Outcome Variable.

Variables	z-testa	P	Effect Size (d)b
Total PedsQL fatigue score (self-report)	0.19	.84	0.05
Total PedsQL fatigue score (parents report)	1.67	.09	0.48
Total ESI score	1.41	.15	0.40
Salivary cortisol AUC	1.86	.05	0.54
Salivary α-amylase AUC	0.19	.84	0.05
IL-1β	0.00	>.999	0
TNF-α	0.77	.43	0.22
IL-6	0.57	.56	0.16
IL-12p70	0.19	.84	0.05
TGF-β	0.40	.68	0.11
IL-10	0.57	.56	0.16
MMP-9	1.77	.08	0.50

Abbreviations: ESI, Escala de Estresse Infantil (Child Stress Scale); PedsQL, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor–α; TGF-β, transforming growth factor–β; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; AUC, area under curve.

^aCohen’s d effect size calculator for z-test. For the single-sample z-test, Cohen’s d is calculated by subtracting the population mean (before intervention) from the sample mean (after the intervention), and then dividing the result by the population’s standard deviation.

^bEffect sizes using Cohen’s d were calculated for each variable.⁴⁵ Interpreting Cohen’s d: d = 0.2 small effect—mean difference is 0.2 SD; d = 0.5 medium effect—mean difference is 0.5 SD; d = 0.8 large effect—mean difference is 0.8 SD.