Table 1.
Baseline Sociodemographic, Treatment Characteristics, and Sexual Function of All Male Participants.
| Variables | Bupropion (n = 40) | Placebo (n = 40) | df | χ2, z, t | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 42.30 ± 9.49 | 43.50 ± 10.09 | 78 | 0.55 | .62 |
| Daily dose, mg, mean ± SD | 71.67 ± 28.57 | 69.25 ± 29.75 | 78 | −0.37 | .71 |
| Duration of MMT, months, mean ± SD | 50.03 ± 32.46 | 42.25 ± 26.15 | 78 | −1.17 | .24 |
| BMI, mean ± SD | 25.83 ± 5.91 | 24.47 ± 4.74 | 78 | −1.13 | .26 |
| SBP, mean ± SD | 130.43±15.89 | 135.43±18.79 | 78 | 1.29 | .20 |
| DBP, mean ± SD | 80.25 ± 10.79 | 81.63 ± 9.39 | 78 | 0.61 | .54 |
| QTc, ms, mean ± SD | 428.60 ± 24.51 | 426.90 ± 26.90 | 78 | −0.29 | .77 |
| Prolactin, μIU/ml, mean ± SD |
181.69 ± 118.47 | 194.96 ± 122.98 | 78 | 0.42 | .68 |
| Total testosterone (nmol/L) (ng/dl) |
8.72 ± 5.98 | 10.56 ± 5.98 | 78 | 1.37 | .18 |
| Ethnic group, n (%) | |||||
| Malay | 34 (85.0) | 34 (85.0) | 3 | 2.50 | .54 |
| Chinese | 3 (7.5) | 5 (12.5) | |||
| Indian | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.5) | |||
| Others | 2 (5.0) | 0 (0) | |||
| Religion, n (%) | |||||
| Islam | 36 (90.0) | 34 (85.0) | 3 | 1.20 | .64 |
| Christianity | 0 (0) | 1 (2.5) | |||
| Buddhism | 3 (7.5) | 4 (10.0) | |||
| Hinduism | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.5) | |||
| Education level, n (%) | |||||
| No formal education | 0 | 1 (2.5) | 3 | 1.11 | .77 |
| Primary | 3 (7.5) | 3 (7.5) | |||
| Secondary | 32 (80.0) | 32 (80.0) | |||
| Tertiary | 5 (12.5) | 4 (10.0) | |||
| Employment, n (%) | 36 (90.0) | 35 (87.5) | 1 | 0.13 | 1.00 |
| Family history of drug use, n (%) | 6 (15.4) | 7 (17.9) | 1 | 0.09 | 1.00 |
| HBV, n (%) | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.5) | 1 | 0 | 1.00 |
| HCV, n (%) | 12 (30.0) | 12 (30.0) | 1 | 0.24 | .81 |
| Total FTND scorea, mean ± SD |
2.95 ± 2.19 | 4.70 ± 5.63 | 72 | −1.69 | .09 |
| OTI, mean ± SD | |||||
| Q scores of drugs usea | |||||
| Tobaccoa | 11.79 ± 9.04 | 9.63 ± 6.96 | 78 | −0.88 | .38 |
| Alcohola | 0.05 ± 0.316 | 0 | 78 | −1.00 | .32 |
| Marijuanaa | 0 | 0.0005 ± 0.003 | 78 | −1.00 | .32 |
| Amphetaminesa | 0.002 ± 0.009 | 0.0009 ± 0.005 | 78 | −0.47 | .64 |
| Heroina | 0.0008 ± 0.005 | 0.03 ± 0.16 | 78 | −1.03 | .30 |
| HIV risk-takinga | 5.85 ± 2.23 | 4.87 ± 2.93 | 78 | −1.57 | .12 |
| Criminality | 0 | 0 | − | ||
| Social functioninga | 8.45 ± 4.81 | 8.20 ± 4.75 | 78 | −0.04 | .97 |
| Healtha | 1.43 ± 1.08 | 1.15 ± 0.74 | 78 | −0.69 | .49 |
| Total Mal-GRIMS score, mean ± SD |
46.63 ± 5.25 | 47.65 ± 5.40 | 78 | 0.75 | .46 |
| Total MADRS-BM scorea, mean ± SD | 2.68 ± 3.59 | 3.53 ± 4.44 | 78 | 0.92 | .36 |
| Mal-IIEF-15 domain, mean ± SD | |||||
| Erectile function | 17.15 ± 9.28 | 18.15 ± 7.73 | 78 | 0.52 | .69 |
| Orgasmic functiona | 6.17 ± 3.21 | 5.44 ± 3.29 | 78 | −1.00 | .32 |
| Sexual desire | 5.38 ± 1.78 | 5.74 ± 1.57 | 78 | 0.98 | .33 |
| Intercourse satisfaction | 6.75 ± 4.01 | 6.59 ± 3.87 | 78 | −0.18 | .86 |
| Overall satisfaction | 6.35 ± 2.67 | 6.51 ± 2.37 | 78 | 0.29 | .78 |
| Total | 41.80 ± 19.13 | 42.44 ± 16.43 | 78 | 0.16 | .88 |
| SDI-2-BM, mean ± SD | |||||
| DSD | 27.48 ± 9.76 | 29.62 ± 10.24 | 78 | 0.95 | .35 |
| SSD | 6.20 ± 4.27 | 4.54 ± 4.57 | 78 | −1.67 | .10 |
| Total | 42.58 ± 14.97 | 42.87 ± 15.83 | 78 | 0.09 | .93 |
| CGI-S score | 5.35 ± 0.48 | 5.25 ± 0.54 | 78 | −0.87 | .57 |
Note. aBased on Mann–Whitney test. MMT = methadone maintenance treatment; BMI = body mass index; HBV = hepatitis B; HCV = hepatitis C; OTI = Opioid Treatment Index; Mal-GRIMS = Malay Version of the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Marital State; MADRS-BM = Malay version of self-rated Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; Mal-IIEF-15 = Malay version of the International Index of Erectile Function 15; SDI-2-BM = Malay version of the sexual desire inventory-2; DSD = dyadic sexual desire; SSD = solitary sexual desire; CGI = clinical global impression-severity; df = degrees of freedom; SD = standard deviation; t = t test; χ2 = chi-square test; z = z test; nmol/L = nanomoles per liter; ng/dl = nanograms per deciliter; μIU/ml = macro international units per milliliter.
p < .05. **p < .01.