Table 4.

Likelihood of Treatment-Related Side Effects in Patients Receiving Conservative Management Versus Cryotherapy.

Side effects (conservative management vs. cryotherapy)	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	p value
Overall side effects, n (%)	0.54 [0.49, 0.59]	<.0001
Side effects by categories
Erectile dysfunction, n (%)	0.47 [0.41, 0.53]	<.0001
Lower urinary tract obstruction, n (%)	0.65 [0.57, 0.75]	<.0001
Urinary fistula, n (%)	0.31 [0.13, 0.74]	.0085
Hydronephrosis, n (%)	0.64 [0.48, 0.86]	<.0001
Urinary incontinence, n (%)	0.35 [0.13, 0.93]	.0344
Bleeding, n (%)	1.18 [0.98, 1.41]	.0763
Bowel fistula, n (%)	1.42 [0.75, 2.70]	.2865

Note. Odds ratio adjusted for age, race, tumor grade, tumor stage, Charlson Comorbidity Index, geographic location, urban density, year of diagnosis, marital status, and education. CI = confidence interval.