Table 1.

Black Men’s Preferred Message Channels for Receiving CaP Information.

Preferred message channel	Authors	Methods	N	Key findings
Word of mouth/interpersonal	● Friedman, Corwin, Rose, & Dominick (2009)	● Focus groups and interviews	● 25 Black men	● Church pastors were perceived as credible and trustworthy source.
	● Fyffe, Hudson, Fagan, and Brown (2008)	● Focus groups	● 24 Black men	● Participants described word-of-mouth as being a potentially successful strategy to distribute educational information about cancer.
	● Releford et al. (2010)	● Program review	● 12 Black men, 16 White men	● Barbers are generally trusted in community and act quite successfully as peer educators.
	● Song et al. (2015)	● Survey	● 90 Black men	● Participants preferred information from health professionals, followed by family and friends.
	● Woods, Montgomery, and Herring (2004)	● Focus groups/survey	● 277 Black men	● Older men are respected and trusted and can facilitate discussion among younger men. Personal physicians also are important sources.
	● Kim et al. (2011)	● Telephone interviews	● 302 Black men & women, 312 Latino men & women	● Interpersonal networks were important sources of information, but few in those networks were “telling stories” about prostate cancer.
	● Weinrich et al. (1998b)	● Survey	● 497 Black men	● Posting flyers and handing out information during services in Black churches is effective.
	● Cowart et al. (2004)	● Program review	● 600 Black men (estimate)	● Educating Black men in barbershops works because it is a setting where they are comfortable.
	● Ross et al. (2011)	● Survey	● 268 Black men	● 86% had obtained information from a doctor and 36% from peers
TV	● Griffith et al. (2007)	● Focus groups	● 66 Black men	● TV second only to health providers as information channel.
	● Ross et al. (2011)	● Survey	● 268 Black men	● 62% reported ever receiving CaP information from TV or radio
Internet	● Griffith et al. (2007)	● Focus groups	● 66 Black men	● Men spent significant time seeking health information online.
	● Ross et al. (2011)	● Survey	● 268 Black men	● 18% reported ever receiving CaP information from the Internet
	● Sanders Thompson, Talley, Caito, and Kreuter (2009)	● Focus groups	● 43 Black men	● The Internet was mentioned as a health information source, but health providers viewed as the only source one really needs.
Print materials	● Griffith et al. (2007)	● Focus groups	● 66 Black men	● Written material is valued if it comes from a trusted source.
	● Ross et al. (2011)	● Survey	● 268 Black men	● 61% reported ever receiving CaP information from printed materials
	● Sanders Thompson et al. (2009)	● Focus groups	● 43 Black men	● Print media (magazines, pamphlets & books) considered important sources of health information
	● Taylor et al. (2001)	● Focus groups	● 44 Black men	● Sources included newspapers & brochures. Men expressed preference for video & brief printed materials over telephone counseling.
	● Bryan et al. (2008)	● Focus groups	● 12 Black men, 16 White men	● Participants said it was important to provide individuals with printed materials.
	● Kelly et al. (2010)	● Survey	● 2,489 men & women, all races	● Men were more likely to find information in traditional media, especially local media, than online.
	● Weinrich et al. (1998)	● Survey	● 1,264 Black men	● Black news media were good channels for communicating about prostate cancer screening.
Video	● Taylor et al. (2006)	● Experiment	● 238 Black men	● Both print & video significantly increased knowledge and reduced decisional conflict about CaP screening.
	● Taylor et al. (2001)	● Focus groups	● 44 Black men	● TV was mentioned as a common source for health information. Men preferred video information to telephone counseling.
	● Frencher et al. (2016)	● Experiment	● 120 Black men	● Exposure to culturally tailored decision support video produced statistically significant increases in intentions to screen with PSA and decisional certainty about screening
	● Odedina et al. (2014)	● Pre- and post-test survey	● 142 Black men	● Exposure to culturally tailored video significantly increased CaP knowledge and intention to participate in CaP screening. Participants found video to be credible, informative, useful, relevant, understandable, not too time consuming, clear, and interesting.
Text message	● Song et al. (2015)	● Survey	● 90 Black men	● Men preferred information from health professionals, followed by family and friends. However, most men had cell phones and found short text messages an acceptable way of receiving cancer information.

Note. CaP = prostate cancer; PSA = prostate-specific antigen.