Fig. 3.

Characterization of ss-DSSCs with and without ALD TiO₂ thin-film overlayers. (A) Two-electrode J-V curves of pristine ss-DSSC (blue) and ss-DSSC/ALD TiO₂ (red) electrodes in air (1, 3) and in contact with aqueous solutions (2, 4), respectively. (Inset) Digital images show the surface morphologies of the corresponding electrodes after testing. Scan rate: 20 mV/s. (B) Chronoamperometric measurements of pristine ss-DSSC and ss-DSSC/ALD TiO₂ in solution under short-circuit photoelectrochemical conditions. Light source: 100-mW cm⁻² xenon lamp with a 410-nm long-pass filter and an AM1.5 filter.