Table 1.
Classification of pure red cell aplasia
| Congenital PRCA |
| Diamond-Blackfan anemia |
| Acquired PRCA |
| Primary |
| Primary autoimmune PRCA (includes transient erythroblastopenia of childhood) |
| Primary myelodysplastic PRCA |
| Secondary, associated with: |
| Autoimmune/collagen vascular disorders |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| Rheumatoid arthritis |
| Inflammatory bowel disease |
| Other immunologic mechanisms |
| ABO-incompatible stem cell transplantation |
| Pyoderma gangrenosum |
| Lymphoproliferative disorders |
| Chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
| LGL leukemia |
| Hodgkin disease |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphomas |
| Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy |
| Multiple myeloma |
| Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia |
| Castleman disease |
| Other hematologic malignancies |
| Chronic myelogenous leukemia |
| Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia |
| Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia |
| Essential thrombocythemia |
| Acute lymphocytic leukemia |
| Solid tumors |
| Thymoma |
| Gastric cancer |
| Breast cancer |
| Biliary cancer |
| Lung cancer |
| Thyroid cancer |
| Renal cell carcinoma |
| Carcinoma of unknown primary site |
| Infections |
| B19 parvovirus |
| Human immunodeficiency virus |
| T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus |
| Infectious mononucleosis |
| Viral hepatitis (hepatitis A, B, C, and E) |
| Cytomegalovirus |
| Bacterial infections |
| Group C Streptococcus |
| Tuberculosis |
| Bacterial sepsis |
| Drugs and toxins |
| rhEpo-induced Epo antibody-associated PRCA |
| Other drugs (Table 2) |
| Other disorders |
| Pregnancy |
| Riboflavin deficiency |
Modified from Lipton et al.44