Table 3.

Current trials for novel second-line agents for patients with ITP

Agent	Mechanism of action
BMS-986004 (Bristol-Myers Squibb)	IV administered anti-CD40L Fc-fusion protein that targets and binds CD40L expressed on T lymphocytes, which prevents T-cell-mediated proliferation and differentiation of B cells
PRTX-100 (Protalex, Inc.)	IV purified Staphylococcal protein A, an immunomodulatory protein, which binds to B lymphocytes and macrophages and modulates inflammation
Avatrombopag (Eisai, Inc.)	Oral, nonpeptide, thrombopoietin receptor agonist52
Hetrombopag Olamine (Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd.)	Nonpeptide, thrombopoietin receptor agonist
R788/Fostamatinib Disodium (Rigel Pharmaceuticals)	Oral Syk kinase inhibitor that blocks immunoglobulin G receptor signaling in macrophages and B cells53
Decitabine	Demethylating agent that promotes cell differentiation and maturation

As listed on clinicaltrials.gov August 23, 2016.