Table 5.

ASFA categories for the use of TPE to treat TMA–drug associated

Drug	Pathophysiology	Reported response to TPE	ASFA category
Ticlopidine	ADAMTS13 autoantibodies	87%	I
Clopidogrel	Endothelial damage	50%	III
Calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and sirolimus)	Endothelial damage	NA	III
Gemcitabine	Endothelial damage	18%	IV
Mitomycin C	Endothelial damage	30%	NC
Quinine	Drug-dependent antibodies	NA	IV
VEGF inhibitors (bevacizumab, sunitinib, and VEGF Trap)	Renal podocyte injury	NA	NC

NA, not available; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor. Other abbreviation is explained in Table 3.