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. 2018 Sep 11;9:1259. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01259

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Copyright © 2018 Ahmad Bakir, Al Abed, Stevens, Lovell and Dokos.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Distance between the LV free wall endocardium and LV septal endocardium midway between the apex and the base. The lower 2D plots depict the cross-section of the ventricles taken at midlevel along the apicobasal direction for all LVAD simulation settings. The red surface indicates the myocardial cross-section at time of smallest LV whilst the black outline indicates the myocardial cross-section at time t = 0. “X”; denotes the two points used to calculate the wall to wall distance.