Table 3. Rates of Visual Acuity Change (logMAR/y) by Participant Characteristics.
| Characteristic | Mean BCVA Change Rate, logMAR/y, (95% CI) | Univariate Model | Multivariate Model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difference in Change Rate Compared With Reference Group (95% CI) | P Valuea | Adjusted Difference Compared With Reference Group (95% CI) | P Valuea | ||
| Baseline BCVA | <.001b | <.001b | |||
| No VIc | 0.025 (−0.002 to 0.051) | 1 [Reference] | NAd | 1 [Reference] | NAd |
| Mild VI | 0.038 (0.025 to 0.050) | 0.013 (−0.017 to 0.042) | .39 | −0.017 (−0.052 to 0.019) | .36 |
| Moderate VI | 0.012 (0.004 to 0.019) | −0.013 (−0.041 to 0.015) | .35 | −0.061 (−0.099 to −0.024) | .001 |
| SevereVI | −0.013 (−0.023 to −0.002) | −0.037 (−0.066 to 0.008) | .01 | −0.098 (−0.139 to −0.058) | <.001 |
| Fovea lesion involvement status | .44b | .005b | |||
| No lesion (ie normal AF) | 0.002 (−0.024 to 0.027) | 1 [Reference] | NAd | 1 [Reference] | NAd |
| Increased AF | 0.020 (−0.013 to 0.052) | 0.018 (−0.023 to 0.059) | .39 | 0.064 (0.020 to 0.107) | .004 |
| QDAF | 0.015 (0.006 to 0.024) | 0.013 (−0.014 to 0.040) | .34 | 0.066 (0.034 to 0.098) | <.001 |
| DDAF | 0.003 (−0.010 to 0.017) | 0.002 (−0.027 to 0.031) | .91 | 0.066 (0.032 to 0.100) | <.001 |
| Genotype | .66b | ||||
| A | 0.008 (−0.030 to 0.045) | 1 [Reference] | NAd | NAd | NAd |
| B | 0.005 (−0.007 to 0.017) | −0.002 (−0.042 to 0.037) | .91 | NAd | NAd |
| C | 0.012 (0.001 to 0.024) | 0.005 (−0.034 to 0.044) | .81 | NAd | NAd |
| D | 0.017 (0.002 to 0.032) | 0.010 (−0.031 to 0.050) | .65 | NAd | NAd |
| Age at baseline visit, y | .25b | ||||
| ≤18 | 0.004 (−0.011 to 0.020) | 1 [Reference] | NAd | NAd | NAd |
| >18-50 | 0.009 (0 to 0.019) | 0.005 (−0.013 to 0.023) | NAd | NAd | NAd |
| >50 | 0.023 (0.006 to 0.041) | 0.019 (−0.004 to 0.042) | NAd | NAd | NAd |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 0.008 (−0.002 to 0.018) | 1 [Reference] | NAd | NAd | NAd |
| Male | 0.014 (0.003 to 0.024) | 0.005 (−0.009 to 0.020) | .46 | NAd | NAd |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White | 0.011 (0.003 to 0.018) | 1 [Reference] | NAd | NAd | NAd |
| Nonwhite | 0.010 (−0.010 to 0.029) | −0.001 (−0.022 to 0.020) | .94 | NAd | NAd |
| Age at symptom onset, y | .83b | NAd | .70b | ||
| ≤14 | 0.007 (−0.006 to 0.020) | 1 [Reference] | NAd | 1 [Reference] | NAd |
| 15-20 | 0.008 (−0.007 to 0.024) | 0.001 (−0.019 to 0.021) | .55 | −0.007 (−0.022 to 0.009) | .41 |
| 21-30 | 0.016 (0 to 0.031) | 0.008 (−0.012 to 0.029) | .42 | −0.003 (−0.018 to 0.013) | .76 |
| >30 | 0.013 (−0.002 to 0.029) | 0.006 (−0.014 to 0.026) | .92 | −0.009 (−0.027 to 0.008) | .29 |
| Duration since symptom onset at the baseline visit, y | .57b | .14b | |||
| 0-2 | 0.017 (−0.004 to 0.038) | 1 [Reference] | NAd | 1 [Reference] | NAd |
| 2-6 | 0.011 (−0.004 to 0.026) | −0.006 (−0.032 to 0.020) | .63 | 0 (−0.027 to 0.027) | .99 |
| 6-11.5 | 0.002 (−0.012 to 0.017) | −0.015 (−0.041 to 0.011) | .26 | −0.006 (−0.032 to 0.021) | .67 |
| >11.5 | 0.015 (0.003 to 0.027) | −0.003 (−0.027 to 0.022) | .83 | 0.009 (−0.017 to 0.036) | .48 |
| RPE pigmentary abnormality | .66b | ||||
| No | 0.011 (−0.001 to 0.023) | 1 [Reference] | NAd | 1 [Reference] | NAd |
| Yes | 0.011 (0.003 to 0.020) | 0 (−0.015 to 0.015) | .97 | 0.004 (−0.012 to 0.020) | NAd |
| Flecks outside arcades | .61b | ||||
| No | 0.020 (0.011 to 0.030) | 1 [Reference] | NAd | 1 [Reference] | NAd |
| Yes | 0 (0.010 to 0.011) | −0.020 (0.006 to 0.034) | .006 | −0.004 (−0.021 to 0.012) | NAd |
Abbreviations: AF, autofluorescence; BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; DDAF, definitely decreased AF; NA, not applicable; QDAF, questionably decreased AF; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium; VI, visual impairment.
Each P value is testing compared with the reference group whether there was significant difference (except for the P values noted with footnote b).
The P value is for testing overall whether there was any difference in the change rate associated with the variable.
No VI: VA ≥20/25; mild VI: VA <20/25 to 20/70; moderate VI: VA <20/70 to 20/200; severe VI/blindness: VA <20/200.
NA, the variable was not included in the multivariate model because it was not associated with BCVA change with P < .10 in univariate analysis nor was associate with baseline BCVA level.