Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Study Groups.
| Characteristic | Total (N = 794) | Study Group | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Usual Care (n = 254) | EHR Tools Alone (n = 262) | EHR Tools Plus Education (n = 278) | ||
| Age, mean (SD) | 52.7 (9.6) | 53.0 (9.5) | 53.6 (9.7) | 51.6 (9.5) |
| Female sex | 545 (68.6) | 183 (72.0) | 175 (66.8) | 187 (67.3) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Black, non-Hispanic | 692 (87.2) | 234 (92.1) | 243 (92.7) | 215 (77.3) |
| White, non-Hispanic | 28 (3.5) | 3 (1.2) | 7 (2.7) | 18 (6.5) |
| Hispanic | 37 (4.7) | 10 (3.9) | 4 (1.5) | 23 (8.3) |
| Other or did not disclose | 37 (4.7) | 7 (2.8) | 8 (3.1) | 22 (7.9) |
| Education | ||||
| Less than grade 12 | 252 (31.7) | 102 (40.2) | 84 (32.1) | 66 (23.7) |
| High school graduate or equivalent | 278 (35.0) | 84 (33.1) | 92 (35.1) | 102 (36.7) |
| Some college | 218 (27.5) | 61 (24.0) | 72 (27.5) | 85 (30.6) |
| College graduate or greater | 45 (5.7) | 7 (2.8) | 14 (5.3) | 24 (8.6) |
| Refused to answer | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.4) |
| Health insurance | ||||
| Medicaid | 406 (51.1) | 129 (50.8) | 111 (42.4) | 166 (59.7) |
| Medicare | 159 (20.0) | 54 (21.3) | 54 (20.6) | 51 (18.3) |
| Commercial insurance | 89 (11.2) | 35 (13.8) | 31 (11.8) | 23 (8.3) |
| Self-pay, other, or did not disclose | 142 (17.9) | 45 (17.7) | 70 (26.7) | 27 (9.7) |
| Diabetes | 348 (43.8) | 130 (51.2) | 111 (42.4) | 107 (38.5) |
| No. of total medications, median (IQR) | 5 (4-6) | 5 (4-7) | 5 (4-6) | 5 (4-6) |
| Blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | ||||
| Systolic | 145.2 (17.2) | 141.5 (15.9) | 148.6 (17.5) | 145.5 (17.5) |
| Diastolic | 88.5 (12.2) | 86.9 (12.0) | 89.1 (12.4) | 89.5 (12.1) |
| Health literacy | ||||
| Likely limited | 375 (47.2) | 145 (57.1) | 126 (48.1) | 104 (37.4) |
| Possibly limited | 263 (33.1) | 75 (29.5) | 90 (34.4) | 98 (35.3) |
| Adequate | 156 (19.6) | 34 (13.4) | 46 (17.6) | 76 (27.3) |
| Medications reconcileda | ||||
| Hypertension | 348 (44.0) | 91 (36.1) | 116 (44.4) | 141 (50.7) |
| All chronic condition medications | 170 (21.5) | 27 (10.7) | 69 (26.4) | 74 (26.6) |
| All medications | 64 (8.1) | 4 (1.6) | 29 (11.1) | 31 (11.2) |
| Knowledge of medication indicationa | ||||
| Hypertension medications | 562 (80.1) | 178 (77.7) | 186 (78.2) | 198 (84.3) |
| All medications for chronic conditions | 539 (70.5) | 171 (69.2) | 166 (65.6) | 202 (76.2) |
| All medications | 382 (48.2) | 117 (46.1) | 126 (48.1) | 139 (50.2) |
| Understanding of medication instructions and dosinga | ||||
| Hypertension medications | 570 (82.0) | 183 (81.0) | 199 (84.7) | 188 (80.3) |
| All medications for chronic conditions | 553 (73.4) | 178 (73.0) | 188 (75.5) | 187 (71.9) |
| All medications | 513 (65.3) | 154 (61.1) | 181 (69.9) | 178 (64.7) |
| Medication adherence (4-d recall)a | ||||
| Hypertension medications | 434 (61.7) | 140 (61.1) | 160 (67.2) | 134 (56.8) |
| All medications for chronic conditions | 404 (53.0) | 132 (53.4) | 148 (58.7) | 124 (47.0) |
Abbreviations: EHR, electronic health record; IQR, interquartile range.
a
Numbers do not always equal total number of participants in each arm in cases where no Access Community Health Network record was available (medication reconciliation), no patient-reported medications could be identified in the category, dosing instructions were not available, or owing to nonresponse.