Table 3. Odds Ratios for Passing Courses on Graduation From Compulsory Education Among Individuals With Tourette Syndrome/Chronic Tic Disorders Compared With Unaffected Individuals From the General Population and Full Siblingsa.
| Courses | Individuals, No. (%) | OR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With TS/CTD (n = 2019) | Without TS/CTD (n = 1 232 023) | Unadjusted Modelb | Adjustedb,c | Full Sibling Comparisonb,c | |
| Core courses | |||||
| Swedish language | 1684 (87.3) | 1 173 856 (96.2) | 0.28 (0.24-0.31) | 0.32 (0.28-0.37) | 0.47 (0.34-0.65) |
| English language | 1673 (86.4) | 1 163 500 (95.2) | 0.32 (0.28-0.37) | 0.36 (0.31-0.41) | 0.45 (0.33-0.61) |
| Mathematics | 1627 (84.0) | 1 151 391 (94.2) | 0.33 (0.29-0.37) | 0.35 (0.31-0.39) | 0.45 (0.34-0.60) |
| Additional courses | |||||
| Arts | 1651 (85.3) | 1 173 851 (96.0) | 0.24 (0.21-0.27) | 0.28 (0.24-0.31) | 0.51 (0.37-0.69) |
| Biology | 1159 (76.6) | 935 941 (92.5) | 0.27 (0.24-0.30) | 0.29 (0.26-0.33) | 0.41 (0.30-0.57) |
| Chemistry | 1069 (70.7) | 917 035 (90.6) | 0.25 (0.22-0.28) | 0.27 (0.24-0.30) | 0.37 (0.27-0.50) |
| Geography | 1026 (80.5) | 787 191 (93.4) | 0.29 (0.25-0.34) | 0.33 (0.28-0.38) | 0.57 (0.39-0.84) |
| Handcraft textile/ wood | 1658 (85.7) | 1 180 095 (96.6) | 0.21 (0.19-0.24) | 0.23 (0.20-0.26) | 0.29 (0.21-0.40) |
| History | 1034 (81.2) | 785 721 (93.2) | 0.31 (0.27-0.36) | 0.33 (0.29-0.38) | 0.47 (0.31-0.70) |
| Home and consumer studies | 1473 (84.6) | 934 845 (95.8) | 0.24 (0.21-0.28) | 0.26 (0.23-0.30) | 0.44 (0.31-0.61) |
| Knowledge of society | 1023 (80.3) | 788 011 (93.5) | 0.28 (0.25-0.33) | 0.31 (0.27-0.36) | 0.48 (0.33-0.71) |
| Music | 1590 (82.2) | 1 165 243 (95.3) | 0.23 (0.20-0.25) | 0.25 (0.22-0.28) | 0.33 (0.25-0.45) |
| Physics | 1093 (72.2) | 922 202 (91.1) | 0.25 (0.23-0.28) | 0.26 (0.24-0.30) | 0.36 (0.26-0.49) |
| Religion | 1004 (78.8) | 787 373 (93.4) | 0.26 (0.23-0.30) | 0.29 (0.26-0.34) | 0.41 (0.27-0.62) |
| Sports and health | 1537 (79.4) | 1 137 550 (93.1) | 0.29 (0.26-0.32) | 0.27 (0.24-0.30) | 0.47 (0.36-0.60) |
| Technology | 1545 (79.8) | 1 157 210 (94.7) | 0.22 (0.20-0.25) | 0.23 (0.20-0.25) | 0.37 (0.28-0.48) |
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; TS/CTD, Tourette syndrome/chronic tic disorders.
a
Data from the subcohort of individuals graduating compulsory school between 1998 and 2010.
b
Adjusted by sex, year of birth, maternal age, paternal age, and parity.
c
All findings in these columns are statistically significant.