Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Acute Neurologic Illness Among Patients With Confirmed Guillain-Barré Syndrome With vs Without Evidence of Zika Virus Infection, Puerto Rico, 2016.

Variable	With Evidence of Zika Virus Infection (n = 71)	Without Evidence of Zika Virus Infection (n = 36)	P Value
Age, y
Median (range)	55 (21-88)	49 (4-83)	.25
Sex, No. (%)
Female	37 (52.1)	10 (27.8)	.02
Brighton Collaboration Criteria level, No. (%)
1	15 (21.1)	6 (16.7)	.75
2	42 (59.2)	24 (66.7)
3	14 (19.7)	6 (16.7)
Duration, median (range), d
Antecedent illness to neurologic illness onset	7 (0-21)	7 (0-15)	.90
Neurologic illness onset to clinical nadir	7 (2-27)	9 (1-28)	.23
Neurologic illness onset to lumbar puncture	9 (1-92)	8 (1-34)	.65
Hospitalization	12 (4-94)	10 (2-90)	.40
Antecedent illness, No. (%)
Acute antecedent illness	57 (80.3)	26 (72.2)	.33
Rash	36 (50.7)	3 (8.3)	<.001
Fever	28 (39.4)	13 (36.1)	.74
Muscle pain	13 (18.3)	5 (13.9)	.56
Arthralgia	13 (18.3)	1 (2.8)	.03
Conjunctivitis	10 (14.1)	1 (2.8)	.09
Diarrhea	9 (12.7)	8 (22.2)	.20
Chills	7 (9.9)	3 (8.3)	>.99
Coughing	3 (4.2)	6 (16.7)	.06
Rhinorrhea	0	5 (13.9)	.004
Signs and symptoms of neurologic illness, No. (%)
Hyporeflexia or areflexia	71 (100)	36 (100)	NA
Leg weakness	68 (95.8)	36 (100)	.55
Leg parethesia	56 (78.9)	25 (69.4)	.28
Arm weakness	52 (73.2)	21 (58.3)	.12
Facial weakness	44 (62.0)	10 (27.8)	<.001
Arm paresthesia	39 (54.9)	16 (44.4)	.31
Dysphagia	38 (53.5)	9 (25.0)	.005
Shortness of breath	33 (46.5)	9 (25.0)	.03
Dysarthria	27 (38.0)	9 (25.0)	.18
Gait ataxia	23 (32.4)	13 (36.1)	.70
Dysautonomia	13 (18.3)	7 (19.4)	.89
Facial paresthesia	13 (18.3)	1 (2.8)	.03
Medical complications, No./Total No. (%)a
Tracheostomy	6/38 (15.8)	1/24 (4.2)	.23
Sepsis	5/38 (13.2)	1/24 (4.2)	.39
Gastrostomy	5/38 (13.2)	0/24	.15
Pneumonia	4/38 (10.5)	2/24 (8.3)	>.99
Shock	1/38 (2.6)	1/24 (4.2)	>.99
CSF analysis, No./Total No. (%)b
WBC count <50 cells/μLc	52/52 (100)	28/30 (93.3)	.13
Protein ≥45 mg/dL	49/52 (94.2)	23/32 (71.9)	.008
Cytoalbuminologic dissociationc	49/52 (94.2)	19/30 (63.3)	<.001
Electrophysiologic findings, No./Total No. (%)d
AIDP subtype	16/19 (84.2)	6/14 (42.9)	.06
Acute motor axonal neuropathy subtype	2/19 (10.5)	3/14 (21.4)
Acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy subtype	1/19 (5.3)	2/14 (14.3)
Abnormal findings possibly associated with GBS	0/19	1/14 (7.1)
Normal study results	0/19	2/14 (14.3)
Medical interventions, No. (%)
Admitted to hospital	71 (100)	36 (100)	NA
Treated with intravenous IgG	69 (97.2)	32 (88.9)	.18
Admitted to intensive care unit	47 (66.2)	16 (44.4)	.03
Required mechanical ventilation	22 (31.0)	4 (11.1)	.02
Disability at clinical nadir, median (range)
Modified Rankin Scale score	5 (2-6)	5 (3-6)	.39
Hughes Disability Score	4 (1-6)	4 (2-6)	.09
Clinical outcome, No. (%)
Discharged home	32 (45.1)	22 (61.1)	.12
Transferred to rehabilitation center or skilled nursing facility	35 (49.3)	11 (30.6)
Persistent comatose state >12 mo	2 (2.8)	0
Died in hospital	2 (2.8)	3 (8.3)

Abbreviations: AIDP, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; GBS, Guillain-Barré syndrome; NA, not applicable; WBC, white blood cell.

^aDoes not include 33 cases with and 12 cases without evidence of Zika virus infection for which data on complications were not collected.

^bDoes not include 19 cases with and 4 cases without evidence of ZIKV infection for which CSF analysis was not performed.

^cDoes not include 2 cases without evidence of ZIKV infection for which no WBC results from CSF analysis were available.

^dDoes not include 52 cases with and 22 cases without evidence of Zika virus infection for which electrodiagnostic study was not performed or study results were not available.