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. 2018 Sep 4;5(9):ofy211. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofy211

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Vaccine effectiveness estimates by sex for influenza A subtype and influenza B lineage. P values indicate significance of vaccine*sex interaction. aCovariates included in the interaction model were vaccination status (no, yes), sex (female, male), age group (1–8, 9–19, 20–49, 50–64, ≥65 years), comorbidity (no, yes), province (AB, BC, ON, QC), collection interval (≤4, 5–7 days), calendar time (week of specimen collection based on cubic B-spline with 3 equal knots), season, and vaccine*sex. bA(H1N1)pdm09 analysis excludes 2014–2015 and 2016–2017 due to low A(H1N1)pdm09 circulation those seasons. cA(H3N2) analysis excludes 2013–2014 due to low A(H3N2) circulation that season. Excluding both the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 seasons, VE for A(H3N2) was 49% (95% CI, 37% to 58%) among females and 29% (95% CI, 9% to 44%) among males (AD, 20%; P = .03). dB(Yamagata) analysis excludes 2010–2011 due to low B(Yamagata) circulation that season. eB(Victoria) analysis excludes 2013–2014, 2014–2015, and 2016–2017 due to low B(Victoria) circulation those seasons. Abbreviations: AD, absolute difference (Δ female – male); CI, confidence interval; VE, vaccine effectiveness.