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. 2018 Sep 18;13(9):e0203702. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203702

Fig 1. Causal mechanism diagram.

Fig 1

Hypothesized direct and indirect pathways linking treatment assignment (T, e.g., statin) to outcome (Y, e.g., CAC) through a mediator (M, e.g., HDL-cholesterol). CAC, coronary artery calcification. є1, є2, and є3 means error terms.