Table 2.
Pain Levela by NPT modality, for Patients with NRS Pain Scores
| NPT Modality | No. (%) no pain | No. (%) low pain | No. (%) moderate pain | No. (%) severe pain |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any NPT modality (n=6,031) | 1,307 (21.7) | 1,565 (25.9) | 1,970 (32.7) | 1,189 (19.7) |
| Acupuncture (n=79) | 12 (15.2) | 18 (22.8) | 29 (36.7) | 20 (25.3) |
| Biofeedback (n=7) | 2 (28.6) | 2 (28.6) | 2 (28.6) | 1 (14.3) |
| Chiropractic (n=47) | 47 (16.0) | 85 (29.0) | 114 (40.00) | 47 (16.0) |
| Christian Science practitioner (n=0) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Cold laser (n=24) | 3 (12.5) | 5 (20.8) | 11 (45.8) | 5 (20.8) |
| Coordinated care (n=653) | 79 (12.1) | 98 (15.0) | 218 (33.4) | 258 (39.8) |
| Exercise therapy (n=2,145) | 535 (24.9) | 585 (27.3) | 669 (31.2) | 356 (16.6) |
| Hypnotherapy (n=0) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Lumbar supports (n=182) | 39 (21.4) | 31 (17.0) | 58 (31.9) | 54 (29.7) |
| Massage (n=331) | 61 (18.4) | 98 (29.6) | 118 (35.6) | 54 (16.3) |
| Medical nutrition therapy (n=272) | 104 (38.2) | 60 (22.1) | 72 (26.5) | 36 (13.2) |
| MIRE (n=0) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Occupational stress education / Stress education (n=1,048) | 340 (32.4) | 318 (30.3) | 240 (22.9) | 156 (14.57) |
| Other physical therapy (n=1,230) | 190 (15.4) | 329 (26.7) | 438 (35.6) | 273 (22.2) |
| Recreational therapy (n=13) | 2 (15.4) | 4 (30.8) | 5 (38.5) | 2 (15.4) |
| Self-management (n=2,300) | 536 (23.3) | 676 (29.4) | 673 (29.3) | 415 (18.0) |
| Spinal manipulation (n=77) | 12 (15.6) | 18 (23.4) | 33 (42.9) | 15 (18.0) |
| Superficial heat (n=411) | 68 (16.5) | 101 (24.6) | 158 (38.4) | 84 (20.4) |
| Traction (n=132) | 18 (13.6) | 31 (23.5) | 52 (39.4) | 31 (23.5) |
| TENS and other electrical modulation (n=403) | 61 (15.1) | 97 (24.1) | 154 (38.2) | 91 (22.6) |
| Ultrasonography | 24 (14.1) | 49 (28.8) | 68 (40.0) | 29 (17.1) |
MIRE, monochromatic infrared energy; N/A, not applicable – when no patients had a NRS pain score associated with a particular NPT modality; NPT, non-pharmacologic therapy; NRS, numeric rating scale; TENS, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
a
Pain levels were assigned based on the average pain score.