Table 4.

Clinical and Demographic Predictors of Treatment (Non-Pharmacologic and/or Opioid Treatment) for Army Veterans with Low Back Pain

	Army veterans with low back pain (N=44,937)
Characteristicsa	OR	95% CI
Pain level (reference: none)
Low	2.31	2.18-2.45
Moderate	3.64	3.44-3.85
Severe	4.79	4.46-5.13
Age in years	1.01	1.01-1.01
Female (reference: male)	1.07	1.00-1.15
Married (reference: not married)	1.02	0.98-1.06
Race/Ethnicity (reference: Non-Hispanic White)
Non-Hispanic African American	0.90	0.84-0.96
Hispanic	0.97	0.89-1.04
Asian or Pacific Islander	0.94	0.86-1.02
American Indian/Alaska Native	0.97	0.79-1.19
Other	0.84	0.64-1.10
Component (reference: Active Duty)
Guard	0.83	0.78-0.87
Reserve	0.82	0.77-0.88
Rank (reference: Junior enlisted)
Senior enlisted	0.81	0.77-0.86
Junior officer	0.59	0.53-0.67
Senior officer	0.56	0.48-0.65
Warrant officer	0.65	0.54-0.79
Number of deployments before index deploymentb (reference: 0)
1	0.93	0.89-0.97
2 or more	0.98	0.91-1.06
Cohortc (reference: 2008)
2009	0.94	0.89-0.99
2010	0.89	0.84-0.94
2011	0.81	0.76-0.88

^aMeasured at month before index deployment unless indicated.

^bIndex refers to a deployment ending in FY2008-2011.

^cCohort refers to fiscal year of index deployment end date.

CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio