Table 3.
Multivariable-Adjusted Hazard Ratios* for Cardiovascular Disease (and components, MI and Stroke) among SLE patients enrolled in Medicaid within the 29 most populated U.S. states, 2000–2010, Overall and by Race/Ethnicity
| Race/ Ethnicity | Model A (HRsd [95%CI]) |
Model B (HRsd [95%CI]) |
Model C (HRsd [95%CI]) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular Disease (MI or Stroke) | |||
| White | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Black | 1.31 (1.19–1.43) | 1.19 (1.08–1.31) | 1.14 (1.03–1.26) |
| Hispanic | 0.96 (0.84–1.10) | 0.93 (0.81–1.06) | 0.93 (0.81–1.07) |
| Asian | 0.84 (0.62–1.13) | 0.78 (0.58–1.05) | 0.78 (0.58–1.06) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 1.07 (0.72–1.59) | 1.03 (0.69–1.54) | 1.04 (0.70–1.56) |
| Myocardial Infarction | |||
| White | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Black | 1.15 (1.00–1.32) | 0.99 (0.85–1.15) | 0.97 (0.83–1.12) |
| Hispanic | 0.65 (0.51–0.81) | 0.60 (0.48–0.76) | 0.61 (0.48–0.77) |
| Asian | 0.61 (0.37–1.03) | 0.57 (0.34–0.95) | 0.57 (0.34–0.96) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 0.95 (0.51–1.78) | 0.91 (0.48–1.71) | 0.92 (0.49–1.73) |
| Stroke | |||
| White | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Black | 1.48 (1.31–1.66) | 1.37 (1.21–1.56) | 1.31 (1.15–1.49) |
| Hispanic | 1.25 (1.07–1.46) | 1.22 (1.04–1.44) | 1.22 (1.03–1.44) |
| Asian | 0.99 (0.69–1.42) | 0.93 (0.64–1.34) | 0.93 (0.64–1.34) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 1.12 (0.67–1.88) | 1.08 (0.64–1.82) | 1.11 (0.66–1.86) |
*
These are sub-distribution hazard ratios based on competing risk analysis taking competing risk of death into account
Model A: Age (continuous), sex
Model B: Model A + region of residence, year and area-level SES + SLE-specific index, glucocorticoid use (mean dose, grams/day) + lupus nephritis
Model C: Model B + comorbidities at study index date including history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking and obesity
Bold= p<0.05