Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Variable | Total population (n=1,316) | HCC patients without 1-yr recurrence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Training cohort (n=582) | Validation cohort (n=291) | p-value* | ||
| Age, yr | 58 (52–65) | 58 (52–65) | 58 (51–65) | 0.56 |
| Male sex | 988 (75.1) | 431 (74.1) | 214 (73.5) | 0.93 |
| Etiology | 0.43 | |||
| HBV | 967 (74.6) | 430 (73.9) | 224 (77.0) | |
| HCV | 131 (10.1) | 50 (8.6) | 28 (9.6) | |
| HBV+HCV | 19 (1.5) | 10 (1.7) | 5 (1.7) | |
| Others† | 179 (13.8) | 92 (15.8) | 34 (11.7) | |
| CTP score | 5 (5–5) | 5 (5–5) | 5 (5–5) | 0.96 |
| MELD score | 8 (7–10) | 8 (7–9) | 8 (7–10) | 0.04 |
| AST, U/L | 36 (27–50) | 34 (26–47) | 36 (26–50) | 0.30 |
| ALT, U/L | 35 (24–50) | 35 (24–50) | 34 (24–50) | 0.85 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.1 (3.8–4.3) | 4.1 (3.8–4.3) | 4.1 (3.8–4.3) | 0.58 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.0 (0.7–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.11 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.97 |
| PT INR | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.08 |
| Platelet, ×103/μL | 130 (94–170) | 137 (100–174) | 131 (97–175) | 0.39 |
| AFP, ng/mL | 11.3 (5.0–94.3) | 10.2 (4.9–76.0) | 9.8 (4.0–56.7) | 0.26 |
| Tumor size, cm | 2.3 (1.7–3.0) | 2.3 (1.6–3.0) | 2.1 (1.6–3.0) | 0.94 |
| No. of tumor | 0.29 | |||
| 1 | 1,145 (87.0) | 517 (88.8) | 259 (89.0) | |
| 2 | 139 (10.6) | 57 (9.8) | 24 (8.2) | |
| 3 | 32 (2.4) | 8 (1.4) | 8 (2.8) | |
| BCLC stage | 0.71 | |||
| 0 | 457 (34.7) | 217 (37.3) | 113 (38.8) | |
| A | 859 (65.3) | 365 (62.7) | 178 (61.2) | |
| Treatment method | 0.42 | |||
| RFA | 812 (61.7) | 356 (61.2) | 169 (58.1) | |
| Resection | 504 (38.3) | 226 (38.8) | 122 (41.9) | |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (%).
HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; CTP, Child-Turcotte-Pugh; MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; PT INR, international normalized ratio for prothrombin time; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; RFA, radiofrequency ablation.
*
p-value estimated by the chi-square test or Fisher exact test for categorical variables and the Mann-Whitney U test for comparison between the training and validation cohorts;
†
Other causes included alcohol, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, primary biliary cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis.