Table 4.
Clinical characteristics
| Characteristics | ACO (N=299) | Asthma (N=1,609) | Asthma age-matched subgroup (N=299) | COPD (N=479) | P-valuesa (ACO vs asthma) | P-valuesa (ACO vs asthma age-matched subgroup) | P-valuesa (ACO vs COPD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comorbid conditions, n (weighted %) | |||||||
| Participants ever told they had condition | |||||||
| Diabetes | 92 (26.0) | 146 (6.8) | 70 (17.0) | 100 (15.9) | <0.001 | 0.024 | 0.014 |
| Hypertension | 194 (58.4) | 421 (27.9) | 182 (55.2) | 265 (49.3) | <0.001 | 0.500 | 0.082 |
| Coronary heart disease | 83 (25.6) | 86 (5.5) | 38 (10.3) | 90 (13.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.003 |
| Stroke | 30 (9.2) | 39 (2.1) | 18 (3.2) | 33 (4.5) | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Kidney disease | 19 (6.0) | 39 (2.4) | 18 (4.3) | 15 (2.2) | 0.024 | 0.512 | <0.001 |
| Respiratory health, n (weighted %) | |||||||
| Ever been told you have asthma | 299 (100.0) | 1,609 (100.0) | 299 (100.0) | 0 | – | – | – |
| Asthma attack in past year | 113 (49.8) | 398 (46.7) | 73 (38.4) | 0 | 0.556 | <0.001 | – |
| Emergency care visit for asthma in past year | 43 (21.9) | 119 (14.8) | 20 (14.3) | 0 | 0.148 | <0.001 | – |
| Ever been told you had emphysema | 88 (24.9) | 0 | 0 | 114 (22.5) | – | – | 0.547 |
| Ever been told you had chronic bronchitis | 228 (76.4) | 0 | 0 | 195 (37.9) | – | – | <0.001 |
| Respiratory symptoms, n (weighted %) | |||||||
| Wheezing/whistling in chest in the past year | 177 (55.4) | 589 (35.4) | 115 (30.3) | 141 (27.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Coughing most days in the past 3 months | 104 (31.2) | 94 (15.2) | 48 (16.6) | 118 (23.1) | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.029 |
| Dry cough at night in past year | 55 (14.9) | 137 (7.5) | 35 (10.7) | 49 (7.4) | 0.021 | 0.371 | 0.029 |
| Bring up phlegm most days in past 3 months | 97 (25.7) | 86 (13.0) | 44 (14.7) | 106 (19.6) | <0.001 | 0.033 | <0.001 |
| Smoking | |||||||
| Cigarettes/day, weighted mean ± SD | 16.9±1.3 | 11.4±0.8 | 11.9±1.4 | 16.8±1.4 | <0.001 | 0.013 | 0.944 |
| Smoking frequency, n (weighted %) | |||||||
| Every day | 85 (44.5) | 228 (40.5) | 37 (21.4) | 163 (44.8) | |||
| Some days | 11 (4.8) | 46 (6.4) | 7 (2.6) | 16 (5.5) | 0.748 | <0.001 | 0.965 |
| Not at all | 108 (50.7) | 268 (53.2) | 108 (75.9) | 181 (49.7) | |||
| Lifetime smoking, n (weighted %) | 204 (62.5) | 542 (46.5) | 152 (48.0) | 360 (76.4) | <0.001 | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Pack-years of smoking, weighted mean ± SD | 32.9±2.4 | 13.9±1.0 | 19.6±2.1 | 33.1±1.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.940 |
| Proportion of patients with ≥10 pack-years of smoking, n (%) | 138 (78.4) | 212 (40.3) | 79 (53.1) | 254 (73.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.245 |
| Spirometry, weighted mean ± SD | |||||||
| Prebronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio | 0.68±0.01 | 0.79±0.00 | 0.73±0.007 | 0.66±0.01 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.072 |
| Postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio | 0.65±0.01 | 0.76±0.00 | 0.73±0.005 | 0.64±0.00 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.311 |
| Prebronchodilator % predicted FEV | 82.1±1.8 | 92.1±0.6 | 88.0±1.3 | 84.2±1.7 | <0.001 | 0.017 | 0.357 |
| Prebronchodilator % predicted FVC | 92.9±1.4 | 96.6±0.6 | 93.3±1.2 | 97.8±1.5 | 0.020 | 0.853 | 0.027 |
| Postbronchodilator FEV1 % predicted value, n (weighted %) | |||||||
| ≥80% | 29 (47.9) | 97 (87.2) | 9 (66.7) | 141 (69.2) | |||
| 50%–79% | 27 (51.3) | 22 (12.8) | 4 (33.3) | 68 (26.7) | 0.001 | 0.090 | 0.003 |
| 30%–49% | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 0 | 6 (4.0) | |||
| <30% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.1) | |||
| Eosinophils, weighted mean ± SD | |||||||
| Eosinophil count (cells/µL) | 248±14 | 233±7 | 200±11 | 221±10 | 0.291 | 0.007 | 0.037 |
| Number of participants with eosinophil count, n (weighted %) | |||||||
| ≥150 cells/µL | 203 (63.0) | 1,009 (61.1) | 182 (58.1) | 294 (63.1) | 0.599 | 0.426 | 0.988 |
| ≥300 cells/µL | 73 (23.8) | 397 (23.6) | 50 (13.9) | 89 (19.4) | 0.947 | 0.028 | 0.214 |
| ≥400 cells/µL | 43 (16.9) | 210 (11.6) | 26 (6.7) | 40 (9.5) | 0.041 | 0.014 | 0.007 |
Notes: All statistics are weighted to account for NHANES complex survey design (including oversampling), survey nonresponse, and post-stratification.
a
P-values shown against overall categories or individual parameters as applicable.
Abbreviations: ACO, asthma–COPD overlap; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; SD, standard deviation.