Surgery-related parameters. (A) Surgery time, (B) Anesthesia time, (C) Recovery time and (D) Extubation time. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Group MC/FC, male/female controlled group received placebo + remifentanil (0.2 µg.kg−1.min−1); Group MD1/FD1, male/female group, received low-dose dexmedetomidine (0.2 µg.kg−1) + remifentanil (0.2 µg.kg−1.min−1); Group MD2/FD2, male/female group received high-dose dexmedetomidine (0.6 µg.kg−1) + remifentanil (0.2 µg.kg−1.min−1). MC, male controlled group; FC, female controlled group.