Table I.
Clinical characteristics of the reported cases of echinocandins use for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients.
| Author, year | Patient no | Age/gender | Underlying Disease | Initial treatment | Cause of EC use | Salvage regimen | Time to use EC (days) | Steroid used? | Duration of EC (days) | End | (Refs.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhang et al, 2006 | 1 | 93/M | COPD | TMP-SMZ | Adverse reaction | CA | 32 | No | 42 | S | (8) |
| Annaloro et al, 2006 | 2 | 45/M | For HSCT | TMP-SMZ | Treatment failure | CA+ TMP-SMZ | 11 | Yes | 45 | S | (9) |
| Beltz et al, 2006 | 3 | 5/M | ALL | CA+ TMP-SMZ | Empirical use | None used | NR | Yes | 22 | S | (10) |
| Kamboj et al, 2006 | 4 | 13/M | HSCT | CA | Antifungal | Pentamidine | NR | No | 18 | D | (11) |
| Kamboj et al, 2006 | 5 | 42/F | ALL | TMP-SMZ | Antifungal | MI + Others | 9 | No | 30 | D | (11) |
| Takeda et al, 2009 | 6 | 47/M | Liver TP | MI+ TMP-SMZ | Empirical use | MI+ TMP-SMZ | NR | No | N/A | S | (12) |
| Zhang et al, 2012 | 7 | 58/M | Lung Cancer | N/A | Treatment failure | CA+ TMP-SMZ + CLI+PRI | NR | Yes | N/A | D | (13) |
| Li, 2016 | 8 | 46/M | CKD | TMP-SMZ | Adverse reaction | CA+CLI | NR | Yes | 33 | S | (14) |
| Kim et al, 2013 | 9 | 1/M | SCID | TMP-SMZ | Treatment failure | CA+ TMP-SMZ +AT+PRO (CLI+PRI) | 26 | No | 26 | D | (15) |
| Kim et al, 2013 | 10 | 63/M | Liver TP | TMP-SMZ | Treatment failure | CA+ TMP-SMZ | 9 | No | 5 | D | (15) |
| Kim et al, 2013 | 11 | 57/M | Kidney TP | TMP-SMZ | Treatment failure | TMP-SMZ + PRI+CLI (CA) | 18 | No | 11 | D | (15) |
| Kim et al, 2013 | 12 | 46/F | Liver TP | TMP-SMZ | Treatment failure | CA+ TMP-SMZ (CLI+PRI) | 2 | No | 7 | S | (15) |
| Tu et al, 2013 | 13 | 61/M | Kidney TP | TMP-SMZ | Adverse reaction | CA+ TMP-SMZ | >10 | Yes | 14 | D | (16) |
| Tu et al, 2013 | 14 | 35/M | Kidney TP | TMP-SMZ | Adverse reaction | CA+ TMP-SMZ | 10 | Yes | 14 | S | (16) |
| Tu et al, 2013 | 15 | 43/M | Kidney TP | CA+ TMP-SMZ | Empirical use | None used | 7 | No | 14 | S | (16) |
| Jiang et al, 2013 | 16 | 46/M | LBC-L | CA | Adverse reaction | None used | 5 | No | NA | S | (17) |
| Mu et al, 2009 | 17 | 76/M | CML | CA | Adverse reaction | CA+ TMP-SMZ | 9 | Yes | 21 | S | (18) |
| Hof and Schnülle, 2008 | 18 | 60/M | WG | TMP-SMZ | Treatment failure | CA | 9 | No | 21 | S | (19) |
| Utili et al, 2007 | 19 | 57/F | Kidney TP | CA | Antifungal | CA+ TMP-SMZ | 1 | No | 14 | S | (20) |
| Utili et al, 2007 | 20 | 28/M | Kidney TP | TMP-SMZ | Treatment failure | CA+ TMP-SMZ | 7 | Yes | 16 | S | (20) |
| Utili et al, 2007 | 21 | 59/M | Heart TP | TMP-SMZ | Treatment failure | CA+ TMP-SMZ | 6 | Yes | 7 | S | (20) |
| Utili et al, 2007 | 22 | 58/F | Heart TP | CA+ TMP-SMZ | Empirical use | None used | 1 | Yes | 14 | S | (20) |
| Present study | 23 | 71/M | IgG4 | TMP-SMZ | Treatment failure | CA+ TMP-SMZ | 14 | Yes | 21 | S | – |
| Present study | 24 | 68/F | SLE | TMP-SMZ | Treatment failure | CA+ TMP-SMZ | NR | Yes | 7 | S | – |
ALL, acute lymphocytic leukaemia; AT, atovaquone; CA, caspofungin; CKD, chronic kidney dysfunction; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CLI, clindamycin; CML, chronic myelocytic leukaemia; D, mortality; DM, diagnosis method; EC, echinocandins; F, female; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplant; LBC-L, large-B-cell lymphoma; M, male; MI, micafungin; N/A, not available; NR, no report; PRO, proguanil; PRI, primaquine; Pt, patient; Refs., reference; S, survived; SCID, severe combined immune deficiency; TP, transplant.