Table 2.

Correlation between TILs and the response to immune checkpoint therapy

Agent	Tumors	Collection time	Improved clinical outcome association	References
Pembrolizumab	Melanoma	Pretreatment	Higher CD8+ (but not CD4+) T‐cell densities at the invasive margin and within the tumor parenchyma	34
		On‐treatment	Increase in CD8+ T‐cell density	34
	Melanoma	Pretreatment On‐treatment	A modest association was found between CD8+, CD3+, and CD45RO+ T‐cell densities with clinical benefit. After anti‐PD‐1 treatment, the associations were more significant	36
Nivolumab	NSCLC	Pretreatment	Higher CD8+ TIL density	37
Atezolizumab	Multiple cancers	Pretreatment	Baseline TIL status was not associated with clinical activity	16
Avelumab	EBV‐positive gastric cancer	Pretreatment	Higher lymphocytic infiltration	38
Durvalumab	NSCLC	On‐treatment	More CD8+ TILs during therapy (6 wk after onset of durvalumab therapy) than at baseline was found. However, it was not associated with clinical activity	39
Ipilimumab	Melanoma	Pretreatment	Baseline TIL status was not associated with clinical activity	35
		On‐treatment	Increased TIL density (after the second dose) was associated with significantly greater clinical activity	35

TIL, tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte; EBV, Epstein‐Barr virus.